The Rise of Tech-Enabled Stalking: How AirTags and GPS Trackers Fuel Abuse
Apple AirTags and GPS tracking devices, initially designed for locating lost items, are increasingly being weaponized by stalkers, leading to a “disturbing” surge in reported cases and leaving victims living in fear. This trend, exacerbated by the accessibility and affordability of these technologies, presents a growing challenge for law enforcement and victim support organizations.
A Dramatic Increase in Reported Cases
Freedom of information data from police forces in England and Wales reveals a significant increase in stalking reports involving AirTags and GPS trackers. Reports rose from 57 in 2018 to 568 by the end of 2024 – an 896% increase. Within coercive control cases, the number climbed from 38 to 431 over the same period, representing a 1,034% increase. 1 However, the true extent of the problem is likely higher, as only 18 out of 44 police forces responded to the information request, and charities suggest a “postcode lottery” exists in how seriously victims’ concerns are taken.
How Technology Facilitates Stalking
Abusers are utilizing affordable devices, such as AirTags (available for as little as £35), alongside apps originally intended for parental control, to monitor ex-partners’ movements at work, during social activities, and even during exercise. 1 This can involve placing trackers in vehicles, concealing them within personal belongings like bags or coats, or even exploiting geolocation data embedded in photos. 4
The Impact on Victims
The consequences for victims are severe. Some have been forced to flee their homes, change jobs, or seek refuge in safe houses to evade detection. 1 The psychological toll is as well significant, with victims reporting constant fear, anxiety, and, in some cases, suicidal ideation and self-harm. 1 One victim, “Nicola,” reported experiencing a constant state of alert, changing her routines, and fearing leaving her home after discovering spyware on her phone and being tracked by her ex-partner. 1
The Role of Apple AirTags
Apple AirTags, with their small size (around 3cm wide and 11g) and reliance on Apple’s “Locate My” network (boasting over 1 billion devices as of 2021), 3 have grow a popular tool for stalking. The devices work by utilizing nearby iPhones and Apple devices to update their location, allowing stalkers to track victims almost anywhere. 4 While Apple has implemented safety features, such as alerts when an unknown AirTag is detected moving with a person, these measures are not always effective, and devices are often hidden in vehicles or personal belongings. 1
Challenges in Law Enforcement and Regulation
Charities and advocacy groups highlight a lack of awareness among law enforcement regarding cyberstalking and the proper handling of digital evidence. 1 There is also concern that police may dismiss victims’ concerns or fail to take appropriate action. A proliferation of websites openly advertising stalking assistance exists, designed to evade detection by victims. 1 There is a growing call for greater regulation of these technologies and a “safety-by-design” approach from tech companies. 1
What to Do If You Suspect You Are Being Tracked
- Be Aware of Alerts: Pay attention to notifications on your Apple devices regarding unknown AirTags.
- Listen for Chirping Sounds: AirTags emit a sound after being separated from their owner for a period of time.
- Check Your Belongings: Regularly inspect your car, bags, and other personal items for unfamiliar devices.
- Report to Police: If you suspect you are being tracked, contact law enforcement immediately.
- Seek Support: Reach out to domestic abuse charities or stalking support organizations for assistance.
As technology continues to evolve, the methods used by stalkers will likely become more sophisticated. Addressing this issue requires a collaborative effort between tech companies, law enforcement, and victim support organizations to ensure the safety and privacy of individuals.