Bangladesh and India: A Thawing Relationship Amidst Security Concerns and Historical Grievances
Recent developments suggest a potential thaw in the historically strained relationship between Bangladesh and India, following a period of heightened tension after the political upheaval in Dhaka in August 2024. This shift comes amidst ongoing security concerns, including the dismantling of a Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT)-linked module with connections to Bangladeshi nationals and a Kashmiri mastermind operating within India.
From Frosty Relations to Re-engagement
For 18 months following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League government in August 2024, relations between Bangladesh and India were severely strained. Mutual suspicions increased, impacting political, diplomatic, and intelligence cooperation. Still, a visit by Bangladesh’s newly appointed Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI) Maj. Gen. Mohammad Kaiser Rashid Chowdhury to Novel Delhi in February 2026, where he met with key Indian security personnel including National Security Adviser Ajit Doval, signals a potential reopening of intelligence contacts [The Diplomat].
This re-engagement follows a period of instability in Bangladesh, including the formation of an interim government headed by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus after Hasina’s resignation. During this interim period, ties with India deteriorated whereas relations with Pakistan strengthened.
Security Concerns and Terrorist Links
Simultaneously, Indian authorities have been addressing security threats linked to Pakistan and Bangladesh. In February 2026, Delhi Police dismantled a Bangladeshi module affiliated with Lashkar-e-Toiba, arresting eight individuals, including seven Bangladeshi nationals who had obtained Indian identification documents [Roshan Kashmir]. The module was allegedly involved in reconnaissance activities across multiple Indian states and was linked to a Kashmiri man from Kangan, identified as the mastermind.
The arrests followed the appearance of “Free Kashmir” posters at various locations in Delhi, including Janpath metro station, during the AI Impact Summit [Indian Express]. Investigations revealed that some of the arrested individuals had prior involvement in credit card scams.
Eight individuals were arrested for plotting a terror attack in India and putting up “Free Kashmir” posters. Early findings suggest the group had contact with handlers linked to Pakistan’s ISI and some Bangladesh-based outfits [Hindustan Times].
Historical Grievances and Border Issues
The evolving relationship occurs against a backdrop of long-standing grievances. Bangladesh has one of the deadliest borders in the world, with approximately 1,963 Bangladeshis killed by India’s Border Security Force (BSF) between 1972 and 2026 [The Diplomat]. These deaths, occurring in the name of “protecting the border,” rarely result in trials or diplomatic consequences.
Looking Ahead
The recent diplomatic and security developments suggest a complex interplay of factors shaping the Bangladesh-India relationship. While security concerns and historical grievances remain, the re-establishment of intelligence contacts and the potential for improved dialogue offer a glimmer of hope for a more stable and cooperative future. The outcome of Bangladesh’s February 2026 national election, and the subsequent political landscape, will likely play a crucial role in determining the trajectory of this relationship.