Recreational Drug Use Significantly Raises Stroke Risk, Especially in Young Adults

A comprehensive analysis of over 100 million people has revealed a significant link between recreational drug use and an increased risk of stroke, even among younger adults. Researchers at the University of Cambridge have identified cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabis as key substances of concern.

The Most Comprehensive Analysis to Date

The sweeping systematic review, published in the International Journal of Stroke in March 2026, analyzed data from previous research on recreational drug use. Researchers also employed genetic techniques to determine if the association between drug use and stroke is causal, rather than coincidental. Dr. Megan Ritson from the Stroke Research Group at the University of Cambridge stated the findings provide “compelling evidence that drugs like cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabis are causal risk factors for stroke.”

Amphetamines Pose the Greatest Risk

Amphetamine use more than doubles the risk of stroke across all adult age ranges. For individuals under 55, the risk is nearly tripled. Specifically, recreational amphetamine use increases the risk of ischemic stroke (caused by a blood clot) by 137 percent and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by a burst blood vessel) by 183 percent.

Cocaine and Cannabis Risks

Cocaine use nearly doubles the risk of stroke and more than doubles the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Cannabis use is associated with a 37 percent increase in overall stroke risk, primarily contributing to an increased risk of ischemic stroke.

Young Adults Face Heightened Danger

The risk is particularly pronounced in adults under 55. In this age group, amphetamine use is linked to a 174 percent increase in stroke risk, cocaine to a 97 percent increase, and cannabis to a 14 percent increase.

Opioid Use and Stroke

Interestingly, the analysis found no statistically significant link between recreational opioid use and overall stroke risk. Still, researchers noted the opioid picture remains complex and requires further investigation.

How Drugs Impact Stroke Risk

The elevated risk is attributed to the physiological impacts of these substances on the cardiovascular system, including sharp spikes in blood pressure, heart rhythm irregularities, and blood vessel spasms.

Preventable Risk Factor

“Illicit drug use is a preventable stroke risk,” Dr. Ritson emphasized, “but I don’t know if young people are aware how high the risk is.”

Looking Ahead

These findings underscore the importance of public health strategies and further research to better understand and mitigate the risks associated with recreational drug use. The research team cautions that many studies relied on self-reported drug use, and further investigation is needed to disentangle the complex factors contributing to increased stroke risk.