The Growing Backlash Against Climate Policies in Europe and Beyond
A wave of resistance to green policies is building across Europe and in other Western nations, threatening to derail ambitious climate goals. Initially fueled by soaring energy prices following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the broader cost of living crisis, this “greenlash” is now manifesting in political challenges to carbon pricing schemes, renewable energy transitions, and broader decarbonization efforts. The political sustainability of climate policies is increasingly in question as voters and governments express concerns over costs and perceived impacts on their livelihoods.
The Rise of the “Greenlash”
Just a few years ago, particularly in the 2019 European elections, strong public demand for climate action was evident, especially among younger voters. However, the economic realities of recent years have shifted the landscape. Rising energy costs and the overall cost of living have led many Europeans to reconsider the pace and scope of abandoning fossil fuels. Farmers across Europe have also staged protests against environmental reforms, blocking roads and voicing concerns about the impact on their industries.
This resistance isn’t limited to Europe. Australia and Canada have already seen carbon pricing schemes dismantled after short periods due to elite and grassroots opposition. This raises serious questions about the feasibility of carbon pricing as a widespread climate solution.
Political Implications and the Rise of Populism
The backlash against climate policies is having a significant impact on the political landscape. In Germany, a coalition government nearly collapsed over plans to ban novel oil and gas heating systems, forcing a significant watering down of the policy. The European Green parties are projected to lose seats in upcoming elections, potentially weakening their influence on the implementation of the EU’s Green Deal.
Populist right-wing forces are capitalizing on this discontent. Research indicates these groups are generally more skeptical of anthropogenic climate change and less supportive of climate policies, and their electoral success poses a direct threat to climate policymaking and performance.
Challenges to the EU’s Green Deal
The EU’s Green Deal, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050, is facing increasing scrutiny. While some measures, like the 55% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, have been passed, the policies needed to achieve these goals for 2040 are still under negotiation. Even directives already approved, such as the ban on new petrol and diesel car sales by 2035, could be subject to change under sufficient political pressure.
Europe’s flagship carbon market is also drawing attention from governments wary of voter backlash.
Looking Ahead
The growing resistance to climate policies presents a significant challenge to global decarbonization efforts. Addressing this “greenlash” will require policymakers to carefully consider the social and economic impacts of climate policies, ensuring a just and equitable transition that doesn’t disproportionately burden vulnerable populations. Finding ways to communicate the benefits of climate action and address legitimate concerns about costs and disruptions will be crucial to maintaining political support for ambitious climate goals.