미·중·일·신흥국 간 외교 역학 재편 확인···알젠티나 “합의 무시” 반발

일본은 국제 여론전에 나섰다. 일본은 최근 고이치 총리의 ‘대만 유사시 발언’ 이후 중국과 관계가 급랭한 상황으로, 이번 G20에서도 중국과의 정식 양자회담은 성사되지 못했다. 고이치 총리는 △인도와 반도체·AI 협력 △영국과 경제안보·에너지 공조 등을 연쇄 추진하며 중국 견제와 공급망 강화에 집중했다. 일본 외무당국은 “자유무역이 주요 의제로 논의되는 만큼, 미국의 고관세뿐 아니라 중국의 경제적 보복도 도마 위에 오를 수 있다”며 국제공조 확대에 기대감을 드러냈다.

이번 G20은 △미국의 고립적 노선 △중국의 전략적 외교 확대 △일본의 규범 기반 외교 강화 △신흥국의 주도권 요구가 동시에 부딪히며 다극화된 글로벌 거버넌스의 단면을 보여줬다. 선언 채택 자체는 이뤄졌으나, 미국의 불참 → 남아공의 강행 → 아르헨티나의 불승인으로 이어진 일련의 과정은 G20 합의 프로세스의 신뢰성이 흔들리고 있음을 상징한다. 글로벌 경제 불확실성이 고조되는 가운데, G20이 얼마나 일관된 국제규범과 경제 협력을 유지할 수 있을지에 대한 의문도 커지고 있다.

G20 Summit Reveals Deep Divisions Over Gaza and global leadership

The recent G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro exposed significant fractures within the group, particularly regarding the conflict in Gaza and the evolving global power dynamics. The final declaration, while attempting to address key global issues, ultimately reflected a lack of consensus on critical geopolitical matters.

Controversy Over the Gaza Declaration

The inclusion of language related to “just and lasting peace” concerning Gaza and Israel in the summit declaration sparked considerable controversy.Argentina publicly criticized South Africa,alleging that the agreement-forming process was disregarded. Foreign Minister Diana Mondino emphasized that “the basic rules of the G20 have been broken,” highlighting a clear rift in cooperative efforts within the institution. this disagreement underscores the difficulty of achieving unified stances on sensitive political issues within the G20 framework.

Shifting Power Dynamics and China’s Influence

The absence of both President Trump and President Putin created a power vacuum, leading to increased prominence for Chinese Premier Li qiang. China is actively leveraging this possibility to expand its influence by championing agendas aligned with its interests, including supply chain resilience, development initiatives, and South-south cooperation. This strategic positioning signals China’s ambition to play a more central role in shaping the global agenda.

Japan’s Concerns and the US-China Relationship

Japan expressed concerns over China’s growing economic influence and its potential impact on global trade. The US, while engaging with China on specific issues, maintains a cautious approach, recognizing the competitive nature of the relationship. This dynamic contributes to the overall complexity of the G20’s efforts to foster international cooperation.

Key Takeaways

• The G20 summit revealed deep divisions among member states, particularly concerning the Gaza conflict.
• Argentina criticized the process used to include language about Gaza in the final declaration, citing a breach of G20 protocols.
• China is actively seeking to expand its influence within the G20, capitalizing on the absence of key leaders.
• Japan voiced concerns about china’s economic power and its implications for global trade.
• The US-China relationship remains complex, characterized by both cooperation and competition.

Publication Date: 2025/11/23 02:05:06

Looking ahead, the G20 faces the challenge of navigating these internal divisions and fostering a more inclusive and effective approach to global governance. Addressing these challenges will require greater flexibility, a willingness to compromise, and a renewed commitment to multilateralism. The future success of the G20 hinges on its ability to adapt to a rapidly changing world and to forge consensus on critical issues despite diverging national interests.