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The discovery of Cloud-9, a dim, gas-rich cloud of material seemingly untouched by star formation, offers a rare glimpse into the early universe and supports current galaxy formation theories, are on the right track.
An exceedingly rare relic from the ancient universe
Future studies will search for failed galaxies similar to Cloud-9 – though finding them is much easier said then done, for multiple reasons. First, such dim objects are easily outshined by other celestial sources.
These clouds are also ephemeral,and likely to be eradicated by a process known as ram pressure stripping which robs them of their gas as they move through intergalactic space. In fact, Cloud-9 appears to be already perturbed by the relatively hot circumgalactic medium around its neighbor galaxy, M94, the researchers said.
“To survive as a dark, gas-rich cloud into the present-day, a system must meet two stringent, and statistically rare, criteria,” Alejandro Benítez-Llambay, principal investigator of the program to study Cloud-9 and an astrophysicist at the University of Milano-Bicocca, told Live Science via email. “First,its dark matter halo must have an atypically slow assembly history; if it grew too quickly in the early universe,the gas would have collapsed to form stars before the cosmic UV background could heat it up. Second, the system must remain sufficiently isolated.” Benítez-Llambay added that fewer than 10% of such gas clouds may have remained as starlessly pristine as Cloud-9.
as a dark-universe ambassador, Cloud-9 is a crucial reminder that the stunning panoramas of stars we see in most astronomical images represent a