US and Iran to Resume Nuclear Talks Amidst Rising Tensions
As a third round of nuclear negotiations between the United States and Iran is set to take place in Geneva, Tehran has reaffirmed its commitment to finding a diplomatic resolution regarding its nuclear program, while simultaneously warning it will defend itself against any military action initiated by Washington. The talks are occurring against a backdrop of heightened military presence from the US in the Middle East and increasingly stern warnings from President Donald Trump.
Iran Warns Against Military Action
Esmaeil Baghaei, a spokesperson for Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, stated that any US attack, including limited strikes, would be considered an “act of aggression” and would trigger a response. This statement came after President Trump indicated he was considering a limited strike on Iran if a deal isn’t reached. ABC News reported on this exchange.
“An act of aggression would be regarded as an act of aggression. Period. And any state would react to an act of aggression as part of its inherent right of self-defence ferociously, so that’s what we would do,” Baghaei said during a media briefing.
Cautious Optimism and Ongoing Negotiations
Despite the strong rhetoric, there are signals of cautious optimism. Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian stated on Sunday that recent talks have yielded “encouraging signals,” while also emphasizing Tehran’s preparedness for any potential scenario.
The second round of indirect talks concluded in Switzerland on Tuesday, facilitated by Omani mediation. A third round is scheduled for Thursday in Geneva, though confirmation from the US is still pending. Oman has expressed hope that the talks will “head the extra mile towards finalising the deal.”
Key Participants and Previous Rounds
Iran is being represented in the negotiations by Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, while the US delegation includes Special Envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, a presidential advisor. The first round of high-level meetings took place in Oman in April 2025, described by both Iranian and White House officials as constructive. A subsequent round was held in Rome on April 19, 2025, also involving indirect discussions between Witkoff and Araghchi.
US Military Buildup and Iranian Response
The US has been increasing its military presence in the Middle East during the negotiations. President Trump has warned of “really bad things” if a deal is not reached. Witkoff questioned why Iran hasn’t “capitulated” in the face of this military deployment.
Baghaei countered this, stating that Iranians have never capitulated throughout their history and that any negotiation must be based on mutual respect and goodwill. He also reiterated Iran’s clear positions on its nuclear program and the lifting of sanctions.
Guiding Principles and Future Prospects
Iran has indicated it has reached an understanding with the US on the main “guiding principles” to resolve the dispute over its nuclear program. Though, work remains to be done, and the US has yet to confirm details. Iran is offering fresh concessions on its nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of economic sanctions and recognition of its right to “peaceful nuclear enrichment.”
The negotiations are taking place amidst broader regional concerns, including the Red Sea crisis and the Iranian financial crisis. The outcome of these talks could have significant implications for regional stability and the future of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).