Kharkiv’s Underground Schools: Education Amidst War

As Russia’s war in Ukraine continues, the city of Kharkiv has adapted to a grim reality: education taking place primarily underground. Since 2024, pupils in Kharkiv have been attending classes in bomb shelters and metro stations as a precaution against the daily threat of Russian drone and missile strikes.

A City Under Siege

Located just 30 kilometers from the frontline, Kharkiv experienced heavy bombardment at the onset of Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022. The city remains a frequent target, with air raid alerts sounding multiple times each day according to reports from February 26, 2026. This constant danger has necessitated a dramatic shift in how children receive their education.

21 Underground Schools

RTÉ News reported in February 2026 that Kharkiv currently operates 21 underground schools, providing education for approximately 55,000 children . These schools are located in purpose-built shelters and within the city’s metro system, offering a degree of safety from the ongoing attacks.

Prioritizing Safety and Normalcy

Teachers are working to maintain a sense of normalcy for students despite the challenging circumstances. Kateryna Chyryk, an English-language teacher at one of the underground schools, emphasized the importance of shielding children from the psychological impact of the war. “The most important thing [is] that they do not think about bombs and everything because this place is really safe,” she stated .

Recent Attacks and Continued Threats

Recent strikes continue to pose a threat to Kharkiv and its residents. On February 21, 2026, a Russian attack in the Kharkiv region killed two police officers during an evacuation . In June 2025, the city experienced what was described as the “most powerful attack” since the start of the full-scale war, resulting in at least five deaths and numerous injuries . These attacks underscore the ongoing need for protective measures like the underground schools.

Looking Ahead

The situation in Kharkiv highlights the devastating impact of the war on Ukraine’s education system. While the underground schools provide a vital lifeline for students, the long-term consequences of disrupted learning and the psychological toll on children remain significant concerns. As the conflict continues, ensuring the safety and well-being of Ukraine’s students will be a critical challenge.