Monkeypox (Mpox) in Madagascar: First Cases Reported & What You Need to Know
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As of December 31, 2025, Madagascar has reported its first confirmed cases of monkeypox, now more commonly referred to as mpox.This follows the global outbreak of mpox that began in May 2022. Here’s a breakdown of the situation in Madagascar, the virus itself, and what preventative measures you should take.
Current Situation in Madagascar
On December 31, 2025, the Madagascar minister of Health, Monira Managna, announced five confirmed cases of mpox in the city of Mahajanga https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/madagascar-reports-first-cases-monkeypox-2025-12-31/. These are the first recorded cases in the country. A coordination center has been established in Mahajanga to manage active case finding, isolation, and treatment of patients. Health screenings have also been increased at key entry points, including ports, airports, and train stations.
What is Mpox?
Mpox is a viral illness caused by the mpox virus,part of the orthopoxvirus family,which also includes variola virus (the cause of smallpox) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox. it was first discovered in 1958 in monkeys, so the original name, but can be found in various animals, including rodents like mice and squirrels. Transmission occurs through close contact with an infected animal or person.
How Mpox Spreads:
* Direct Contact: touching skin rashes,scabs,or body fluids of an infected person or animal.
* Indirect Contact: Handling contaminated items like clothing, bedding, towels, or other shared objects.
* Respiratory Secretions: Prolonged face-to-face contact can spread the virus through respiratory droplets, though this is less common.
* Vertical Transmission: A pregnant person can spread the virus to their fetus.
Symptoms of Mpox
Symptoms typically appear 5 to 21 days after exposure https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/symptoms/index.html.The illness frequently enough begins with:
* Fever
* Headache
* Muscle and Back Pain
* Swollen Lymph Nodes
* Fatigue
* Chills
A characteristic rash will then develop, ofen starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body. The rash progresses through stages:
* Macules: Flat,discolored spots.
* Papules: Raised bumps.
* Vesicles: Fluid-filled blisters.
* Pustules: Pus-filled blisters.
* Scabs: The blisters eventually crust over and scab.
The rash can resemble chickenpox or syphilis, so accurate diagnosis is crucial.
Treatment and Recovery
Currently, there is no specific treatment for mpox, but antiviral drugs can be used to manage the infection https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/treatment/index.html. Most cases are mild and resolve within a few weeks. Though, complications can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Supportive care, including managing symptoms and preventing secondary infections, is essential. The JYNNEOS vaccine is available and recommended for those at higher risk of exposure https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/vaccines/index.html.
Prevention
* Avoid Close Contact: Refrain from close, skin-to-skin contact with anyone exhibiting mpox symptoms.
* Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
* Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Do not share clothing, bedding, towels, or other personal items with others.
* Safe Sex Practices: Mpox can be spread through sexual contact. Use condoms and consider reducing the number of sexual partners.
* Vaccination: If you are at high risk, consider getting vaccinated against mpox.
Disclaimer: *This data is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any