Lassa Fever Outbreak in Nigeria: Rising Cases Among Healthcare Workers
Nigeria is currently battling an outbreak of Lassa fever, with a concerning increase in infections among healthcare workers. As of February 16, 2026, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported 15 confirmed cases and 2 deaths among healthcare professionals. This outbreak underscores the ongoing risk posed by this zoonotic disease and highlights gaps in infection prevention and control practices within the country’s healthcare system.
Current Situation and Case Numbers
The NCDC raised the alarm on Monday, February 16, 2026, noting the increasing spread of Lassa fever, particularly among those working in healthcare settings. Recent surveillance data, up to Epidemiological Week 7, indicates a significant rise in cases. Confirmed cases have been reported across multiple states, including Ondo, Edo, Bauchi, Taraba, Ebonyi, and Benue. Specific hotspots are being identified at the local government area (LGA) level.
According to a situation report from February 16, 2026, confirmed Lassa fever cases increased from 28 in Week 4 to 44 in Week 5. Cumulatively, from Week 1 to Week 5 in 2026, the country recorded 754 suspected cases and 165 confirmed cases, with four probable cases. A total of 31 deaths have been recorded among confirmed cases, resulting in a case fatality rate (CFR) of 18.8 percent. This CFR represents a slight decline compared to the 19.6 percent recorded during the same period in 2025.
Transmission and Risk Factors
Lassa fever is an animal-borne, or zoonotic, acute viral illness spread by the common African rat, known as the Mastomys rat. Transmission occurs through contact with rodent feces, urine, or saliva. The disease can likewise be transmitted from person to person through direct contact with infected bodily fluids.
The NCDC investigation into healthcare worker infections reveals gaps in infection prevention and control (IPC) practices and missed risks of exposure in certain departments. These gaps have led to IPC strategies that are misaligned with actual exposure risks, with fatal consequences.
Government Response and Ongoing Efforts
The NCDC is investigating every healthcare worker infection to identify the drivers of transmission and prevent further cases. Nigeria has strengthened its surveillance, diagnostic, and treatment capacity for Lassa fever outbreaks. However, factors contributing to the current elevated risk level persist.
The Nigerian government declared an emergency due to Lassa fever on January 23, 2019, demonstrating the seriousness with which the country views this public health threat.
Looking Ahead
Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria and other West African countries, with the annual peak of cases typically observed during the dry season (December–April). Continued monitoring and robust public health interventions are crucial to effectively manage the disease and protect both the general population and healthcare workers. The NCDC emphasizes the importance of adhering to strict infection prevention and control protocols in healthcare facilities to mitigate the risk of further transmission.
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