Semaglutide Doesn’t Raise Depression Risk in People with HIV, Study Finds

People living with HIV who start semaglutide, a medication used for diabetes and weight loss, do not experience a significant increase in depressive symptoms, according to a recent observational study presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2026). The findings address concerns raised about a potential link between GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and mental health.

Background on Semaglutide and Mental Health Concerns

Semaglutide (marketed as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus) has gained widespread use for managing type 2 diabetes and promoting weight loss. However, in 2023, reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System included instances of suicidal ideation among semaglutide users. These reports prompted scrutiny, despite not being observed in clinical trials or observational studies. The FDA subsequently requested manufacturers to remove information about the risk of suicidal behavior and ideation from drug labels after reviewing available evidence.

Study Details and Findings

Researchers conducted an observational study across nine sites to investigate the impact of semaglutide initiation on depressive symptoms in people with HIV. Participants were followed for a median of 9.4 months. Depressive symptom scores were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

The mean change in PHQ-9 scores after starting semaglutide was -0.1 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] -0.7 to 0.5). This indicates no statistically significant increase in depressive symptoms.

Why This Matters for People with HIV

Individuals living with HIV are already at a higher risk of developing depression, anxiety, and cognitive disorders. it’s crucial to understand the potential mental health effects of any new medication they take. The study provides reassurance that semaglutide does not appear to exacerbate depressive symptoms in this population.

CROI 2026 and Ongoing HIV Research

These findings were presented at CROI 2026, held February 22-25, 2026, in Denver, Colorado. The conference highlighted the importance of expanding therapeutic options for people affected by HIV, including research into new treatments and prevention strategies. Gilead Sciences presented data on several investigational HIV regimens at the conference, focusing on single-tablet combinations and long-acting treatments.

Key Takeaways

• Semaglutide does not significantly increase depressive symptoms in people with HIV.
• Initial concerns about a link between semaglutide and suicidal ideation were not substantiated by clinical trials or observational studies.
• The FDA removed warnings about suicidal behavior from semaglutide drug labels.
• Ongoing research at CROI 2026 emphasizes the need for continued innovation in HIV treatment and prevention.