Indonesia’s Military Disinformation Campaigns Target Activists and Journalists

Amnesty International has revealed a coordinated effort by Indonesian authorities, including the military, to suppress dissent through disinformation campaigns that label activists, journalists, and protesters as “foreign agents,” according to a report published on May 19, 2026. These campaigns, amplified by social media platforms, have led to intimidation, violence, and the erosion of public debate under President Prabowo Subianto’s administration.

Amnesty International Report Details Disinformation Tactics

The report, titled “Building up Imaginary Enemies,” documents how Indonesian authorities have systematically used online disinformation to discredit critics. Military-connected social media accounts have been identified as key actors in spreading slurs and false narratives, often preceding real-world intimidation and violent attacks against dissidents. Agnès Callamard, Secretary General of Amnesty International, emphasized that these tactics are part of a broader strategy to consolidate power by silencing opposition.

“Authoritarian practices have accelerated in Indonesia under President Prabowo Subianto’s government,” Callamard stated. “In the 18 months since Prabowo took power, online disinformation has emerged as a key tactic to systematically discredit government critics, shut down public debate, and justify repression.”

Role of Social Media Platforms

Major tech companies such as Meta, TikTok, X, and YouTube have faced criticism for allowing harmful disinformation to proliferate. The report highlights that these platforms have not adequately addressed content that incites violence or spreads false claims about activists. Amnesty International argues that this inaction enables the government’s efforts to suppress free speech and intimidate dissenters.

“Social media companies sit back and let it happen,” Callamard added. “This disinformation is a political weapon, deployed to consolidate the government’s power when public criticism intensifies, while demonizing and weakening those who dare to speak out.”

Impact on Dissent and Public Debate

The disinformation campaigns have had a chilling effect on public discourse, with activists and journalists facing heightened risks of harassment and violence. The report notes that online slurs often precede real-world attacks, creating an environment of fear that discourages open criticism of the government. This trend has raised concerns about the state of democracy and human rights in Indonesia.

Amnesty International calls on the Indonesian government to investigate and hold accountable those responsible for these campaigns, as well as to pressure tech companies to enforce stricter content moderation policies. The organization also urges international bodies to monitor the situation and support civil society groups operating in the country.

Looking Ahead

As Indonesia continues to grapple with these challenges, the role of both domestic and international actors in safeguarding free expression remains critical. The findings of Amnesty International underscore the urgent need for transparency, accountability, and robust protections for those who speak out against injustice.