Trauma and Memory: The Brain’s Erasure of Explicit Memories

by Dr Natalie Singh - Health Editor
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Why Traumatic Memories Vanish, But Emotions Linger

Table of Contents

A disturbing yet common phenomenon: after a shock, some victims report no longer remembering what they experienced. This isn’t random, but a precise mechanism of the brain.

3 key takeaways from the broadcast:

* Extreme stress blocks autobiographical memory, leading to “forgetting” while emotions remain.
* dissociation protects in the moment but leaves traumatic fragments active.
* Therapies allow for desensitization of these fragments and reconstruction of a coherent narrative.

Sous l’effet d’un stress extrême, le cerveau est saturé d’hormones comme le cortisol et l’adrénaline. L’hippocampe, siège de la mémoire autobiographique, ne fonctionne plus. L’événement n’est alors pas stocké comme une histoire cohérente, mais comme une mosaïque de fragments sensoriels sans fil conducteur.

Ce mécanisme s’accompagne souvent de dissociation : pendant le traumatisme, la personne peut avoir l’impression de flotter hors d’elle-même, de regarder la scène de loin ou de ressentir un engourdissement émotionnel.

Thérapie : reconstruire un récit pour avancer

Avec le temps, ces symptômes rappellent que l’événement n’a pas été traité, seulement mis à distance.

Les thérapies dédiées aux traumas, comme l’EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) ou certaines TCC (thérapies cognitivo-comportementales) spécialisées, ne visent pas à retrouver un souvenir fidèle. Elles cherchent à désensibiliser les fragments stockés en mémoire implicite, à reconstruire peu à peu un récit cohérent et à réapprendre au système d’alarme du cerveau que le danger est passé.

Un travail qui permet, enfin, de reprendre le fil de son histoire.

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