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Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant: International Control and Electricity Sharing

As of late November 2025, the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) is operating under international control, with a unique arrangement for electricity distribution between Ukraine and Russia. This development follows prolonged concerns over the plant’s safety and security amidst the ongoing conflict. Simultaneously, U.S. Senator Marco Rubio is facing scrutiny regarding a 28-point plan he presented to fellow senators, which has been identified as originating from Russia and passed to Ukraine.

ZNPP Under International Control

The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, Europe’s largest nuclear facility, has been a focal point of the conflict in Ukraine since its capture by Russian forces in March 2022. For months, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been advocating for a demilitarized zone around the plant to prevent a nuclear accident. The IAEA has consistently expressed concerns about the deteriorating safety and security situation at the plant.

In late 2025, an agreement brokered by the United nations and involving several key international partners led to the establishment of international control over the ZNPP. This control is managed by a consortium of nations, with operational oversight provided by the IAEA. The specifics of the agreement include:

• IAEA Monitoring: Continuous IAEA monitoring and inspection of all plant operations and safety systems.
• Independent security Force: A multinational security force, not affiliated with either Ukraine or Russia, is responsible for the physical protection of the plant.
• Neutral Staff: A gradual replacement of Russian and Ukrainian personnel with international experts and technicians.
• Electricity Sharing: A pre-determined percentage of the electricity generated by the ZNPP is supplied to Ukraine, while the remainder goes to Russia, based on pre-war consumption patterns and current grid needs.

Electricity Distribution Agreement

The agreement regarding electricity distribution is a key component of the overall arrangement. The initial split is reportedly 55% to Ukraine and 45% to Russia, but this is subject to review and adjustment based on seasonal demand and grid stability. Reuters reported in late 2023 that discussions were ongoing regarding a fair distribution model, and the current arrangement reflects a compromise reached after extensive negotiations. The revenue generated from electricity sales is managed by an international escrow account, with funds allocated to the ZNPP’s operational costs and future safety upgrades.

Rubio and the Russian Proposal

U.S. Senator Marco Rubio is currently facing criticism after revealing to colleagues that a 28-point plan he presented was, actually, a proposal originating from Russia and delivered to Ukraine. The plan reportedly outlined potential terms for a ceasefire and negotiations. NBC News detailed the controversy, noting concerns that Rubio inadvertently amplified Russian messaging.

senator Rubio has defended his actions, stating that he presented the plan to senators to illustrate Russia’s negotiating position and to highlight the challenges facing Ukraine. However,critics argue that presenting the plan without clearly identifying its source could undermine trust in the U.S. commitment to Ukraine. The incident has sparked a debate within the U.S. Senate regarding the handling of sensitive facts and the potential for foreign influence.

Implications of the Proposal

The revelation of the plan’s Russian origin raises questions about the source of the information and how it reached Senator Rubio. Investigations are underway to determine the chain of custody and assess whether any security protocols were breached. The incident underscores the importance of verifying information and being obvious about