Brazil has recorded mil 123 confirmed cases of mpox in 2026, with health officials reporting that more than half of these infections occurred during October and November, according to the Ministry of Health.
The latest epidemiological update, released on November 13, 2026, also documented 46 probable cases and 581 under investigation. One death associated with the disease has been confirmed since the start of the year.
The surge is not uniform across the country, with six states accounting for the vast majority of the caseload. Rio de Janeiro leads the national statistics with 390 confirmed infections, closely followed by São Paulo with 388. Other affected regions include Ceará with 61 cases, Minas Gerais with 45, the Federal District with 41, and Santa Catarina with 24.
This recent uptick mirrors the seasonal patterns observed in previous years. In 2024, the country recorded between 250 and 340 monthly cases from August through November. The 2022 outbreak is the largest since the virus arrived in Brazil, totaling 10 mil 591 cases, with a peak of cuatro mil 265 infections in August alone. Since surveillance began, Brazil has logged 15 mil 455 total cases and 19 deaths.
In response to the current epidemiological trend, the Ministry of Health has secured 25 mil vaccine doses through negotiations with the Danish manufacturer and the Pan American Health Organization’s Revolving Fund. The ministry has advised using an intradermal application technique, which optimizes the existing supply and expands coverage by up to five times for high-risk groups.
Immunization efforts are not intended for the general population. Instead, the ministry is prioritizing individuals at the highest risk of complications, including people living with HIV, those using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and laboratory workers who handle MPXV samples.
Mpox is a zoonotic infection caused by the MPXV virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The virus spreads primarily through direct contact with infected skin lesions, bodily secretions, or contaminated objects. Common clinical symptoms include skin rashes or lesions, fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, muscle aches, chills, and fatigue.
Health authorities have not yet indicated if further vaccine procurement will be necessary to manage the transmission rates observed in the final quarter of the year.