COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy: Protecting Mother and Baby

As of March 26, 2026, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) continues to recommend COVID-19 vaccination for individuals during pregnancy. This recommendation stems from research demonstrating the benefits of vaccination, including the transfer of protective antibodies to the newborn, offering early protection against the virus. Babies under 6 months old remain at high risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 infections, making maternal vaccination a crucial preventative measure.

Why COVID-19 Vaccination is Recommended During Pregnancy

Pregnant individuals face a higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19 compared to non-pregnant individuals. Research indicates that pregnant women who contract COVID-19 and experience symptoms are more likely to require intensive care, ventilation, or even experience a fatal outcome. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of cesarean birth, preeclampsia or eclampsia and blood clots. ACOG emphasizes that while the overall risk of severe illness and death remains low, vaccination significantly reduces these risks.

Antibody Transfer to Newborns

A key benefit of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is the transfer of antibodies to the developing fetus. These antibodies provide passive immunity to the newborn, offering protection against COVID-19 during the first few months of life, a period when infants are particularly vulnerable and ineligible for vaccination themselves. NPR reports this antibody transfer as a significant reason for ACOG’s recommendation.

Treatment Options for Pregnant Individuals with COVID-19

Several treatment options are available for pregnant individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, and ACOG and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advise against withholding these treatments due to pregnancy or lactation. For non-hospitalized individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) is currently the preferred treatment option, particularly for those at high risk of progressing to severe disease. ACOG notes that Paxlovid has been underutilized in pregnant and recently pregnant patients compared to non-pregnant patients, despite its eligibility for this population.

Vaccination Recommendations and Timing

ACOG strongly recommends that all pregnant and lactating individuals receive an updated COVID-19 vaccine or booster. Vaccination can occur in any trimester, with an emphasis on receiving the vaccine as early as possible to maximize both maternal and fetal health. ACOG also states that COVID-19 vaccines can be administered simultaneously with other routinely recommended vaccines during pregnancy, such as the influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines.

Key Takeaways

• COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for all pregnant and lactating individuals.
• Vaccination reduces the risk of severe illness, complications, and maternal death associated with COVID-19 during pregnancy.
• Antibodies generated by vaccination are transferred to the fetus, providing early protection against COVID-19.
• Multiple treatment options are available for pregnant individuals who contract COVID-19.
• Vaccination can be administered in any trimester and concurrently with other recommended vaccines.

As the COVID-19 virus continues to evolve, ACOG will continue to update its guidance based on the latest data and research. Staying informed and following the recommendations of healthcare professionals remains crucial for protecting the health of both mother and baby.