South Korea Faces Rising Drug Addiction Rates Amidst Enforcement Challenges

South Korea is grappling with a significant increase in drug addiction, even as the government prioritizes combating drug-related crimes. Despite President Lee Jae-myung designating drug offenses as one of the nation’s “seven major abnormalities” and emphasizing preventative measures, the number of individuals struggling with addiction has risen sharply in recent years.

Increase in Drug Addiction Cases

Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) reveals a substantial surge in reported drug addiction cases. The number of domestic drug addicts increased by 48.7%, rising from 557 in 2020 to 828 in 2024 . These figures represent individuals who have sought treatment and are covered by health insurance, suggesting the actual number of those affected may be higher.

The statistics encompass patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders stemming from the employ of various substances, including opioids, cannabinoids (cannabis), cocaine, and hallucinogens .

Demographic Trends

The increase in addiction is particularly pronounced among young adults. The number of patients aged 20 to 29 surged by 139.1% between 2020 and 2024, climbing from 115 to 275 cases . Similarly, the 30-39 age group experienced an 89.0% increase, rising from 118 to 223 cases during the same period. While other age groups showed fluctuating trends, the consistent rise in cases among those in their 20s and 30s is a key concern.

Although male patients still represent the majority, the rate of increase in female patients is notably faster. Male patient numbers increased by 41.9% (from 427 to 606) while female patient numbers rose by 62.2% (from 164 to 266) between 2020 and 2024 . Correspondingly, medical expenses for treating drug addiction have doubled, increasing from 500 million won to 1 billion won over the same timeframe.

Health Risks Associated with Drug Addiction

HIRA highlights the severe health consequences associated with drug addiction. Methamphetamine (philopon) addiction can lead to paranoia, auditory and visual hallucinations, impulsivity, and aggression. Opiate drugs, such as heroin and fentanyl, carry the risk of tolerance, requiring escalating dosages, and potentially leading to fatal respiratory paralysis .

addictive drugs can contribute to severe depression, anxiety, panic disorders, memory loss, and, in extreme cases, permanent psychosis or dementia .

Recent Investigations and Controversies

Recent investigations into alleged customs officials aiding drug smuggling have yielded mixed results. A joint investigation team at the Seoul Eastern District Prosecutors’ Office cleared 15 individuals, including customs officials and senior police officers, of interference allegations in December 2025 . Chief Prosecutor Im Eun-jeong, appointed after President Lee Jae Myung took office, led the team .

However, Police Superintendent Baek Hae-ryong, who initially raised concerns about customs involvement, continues to challenge the findings and has faced legal action for defamation from the cleared customs officers . Prosecutor Im Eun-jung has urged the Korea Customs Service to address the underlying concerns and implement institutional improvements , acknowledging President Lee Jae-myung’s strong interest in the matter.