Up to four in ten cancer cases worldwide could be prevented, according to a new global analysis from the World Health Organization (WHO) and its International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The study examines 30 preventable causes, including tobacco, alcohol, high body mass index, physical inactivity, air pollution, ultraviolet radiation – and for the first time – nine cancer-causing infections.
Released ahead of World Cancer Day, 4 February, the analysis estimates that 37% of all new cancer cases in 2022, around 7.1 million cases, were linked to preventable causes. The findings highlight the enormous potential of prevention in reducing the global cancer burden.
Drawing on data from 185 countries and 36 cancer types, the study identifies tobacco as the leading preventable cause of cancer, globally responsible for 15% of all new cancer cases, followed by infections (10%) and alcohol consumption (3%).
Three cancer types – lung, stomach and cervical cancer – accounted for nearly half of all preventable cancer cases in both men and women, globally.
Lung cancer was primarily linked to smoking and air pollution, stomach cancer was largely attributable to Helicobacter pylori infection, and cervical cancer was overwhelmingly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
“This is the first global analysis to show how much cancer risk comes from causes we can prevent,” said Dr André Ilbawi, WHO Team Lead for Cancer Control, and author of the study. “By examining patterns across countries and population groups, we can provide governments and individuals with more specific information to help prevent many cancer cases before they start.”
Differences among men, women and in regions
The burden of preventable cancer was substantially higher in men than in women, with 45% of new cancer cases in men compared with 30% in women. In men, smoking accounted for an estimated 23% of all new cancer cases, followed by infections at 9% and alcohol at 4%. Among women globally, infections accounted for 11% of all new cancer cases, followed by smoking at 6% and high body mass index at 3%.
“This landmark study is a comprehensive assessment of preventable cancer worldwide, incorporating for the first time infectious causes of cancer alongside behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks,” said Dr Isabelle Soerjomataram, Deputy Head of the IARC Cancer Surveillance Unit and senior author of the study. “Addressing these preventable causes represents one of the most powerful opportunities to reduce the global cancer burden.”
Preventable cancer varied widely between regions. Among women, preventable cancers ranged from 24% in North Africa and West Asia to 38% in sub-Saharan Africa. Among men, the highest burden was observed in East Asia at 57%, and the lowest in Latin America and the Caribbean at 28%. These differences reflect varying exposure to behavioural, environmental, occupational and infectious risk factors, as well as differences in socioeconomic development, national prevention policies, and health system capacity.
The findings underscore the need for context-specific prevention strategies that include strong tobacco control measures, alcohol regulation, vaccination against cancer-causing infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B, improved air quality, safer workplaces, and healthier food and physical activity environments.
Coordinated action across sectors, from health and education to energy, transport and labour, can prevent millions of families from experiencing the burden of a cancer diagnosis. Addressing preventable risk factors not only reduces cancer incidence but also lowers long-term health-care costs and improves population health and well-being.
Note to the editor:
WHO and its specialized cancer research agency IARC together work to strengthen cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliative care worldwide. They provide technical guidance, define global and regional standards, and support governments to improve access and reduce inequalities. Their efforts also include driving research, policy, and global initiatives on cervical, breast, and childhood cancers.
Keep reading
- Hospital COVID-19 Protocols: Remdesivir and Ventilator Deaths Examined
- Genencell Pushes Ahead with Shingles Trial Despite Animal Test Safety Issues
- Breakthrough Salk Study Uncovers Mechanism Behind Immunotherapy Resistance: Interferons, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and PGE2″ Interferons, mitochondrial dysfunction and PGE2: Salk study reveals mechanism behind immunotherapy resistance. Boost its search engine visibility with relevant keywords for maximum impact. Immunotherapy resistance remains one of the biggest hurdles in cancer treatment. According to a recent study published in the journal Nature Communications, scientists at the Salk Institute have made a groundbreaking discovery that sheds light on the underlying mechanisms behind this resistance. The study reveals that interferons, a type of protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system, can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. This dysfunction can lead to the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a molecule that promotes tumor growth and resistance to immunotherapy. In their study, the researchers found that PGE2 production was a key factor in the development of immunotherapy resistance in cancer cells. The team used a combination of experimental and computational models to investigate the relationship between interferons, mitochondrial dysfunction, and PGE2 production. The findings of the study suggest that targeting PGE2 production could be a potential strategy for overcoming immunotherapy resistance. The researchers propose that blocking PGE2 receptors or inhibiting its production could help restore the function of mitochondria in cancer cells, making them more susceptible to immunotherapy. The study’s authors hope that their findings will pave the way for the development of new therapies that can overcome immunotherapy resistance and improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients. Key Takeaways: – Interferons contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells – Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to PGE2 production, promoting tumor growth and resistance to immunotherapy – Targeting PGE2 production could be a potential strategy for overcoming immunotherapy resistance – Restoring mitochondrial function in cancer cells could make them more susceptible to immunotherapy Keywords: immunotherapy resistance, interferons, mitochondrial dysfunction, PGE2, Salk Institute, cancer treatment, breakthrough study, Nature Communications. (archyworldys.com)