Herpes Infections Linked to Brain Health in People Living with HIV

New data presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) 2026 suggests a connection between underlying herpes virus infections and brain health in people with HIV (PWH). Even as many PWH are also infected with herpes viruses, the impact of the resulting immune response on neurological disorders has been largely unexplored.

The Link Between Herpes and Brain Health

Researchers have identified links between biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and latent herpes infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To investigate further, they conducted tests on PWH to identify signs of inflammation in both the blood and the brain.

Study Methodology

The study measured peripheral blood mononuclear cells to check for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and EBV, as well as HIV DNA. Researchers also measured CMV and EBV in plasma and analyzed 11 biomarkers in CSF to assess inflammation.

Key Findings from CROI 2026

The research presented at CROI 2026 highlights the need for further investigation into the complex interplay between herpes virus infections, the immune system, and brain health in individuals living with HIV. The findings suggest that managing herpes virus co-infections may be crucial for preserving neurological function in this population.

Implications for HIV Care

These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive care for people with HIV, including screening and management of co-infections like CMV and EBV. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions targeting herpes virus infections can improve brain health outcomes in PWH.

About CROI

The Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) is a leading international forum for the presentation of research on HIV, hepatitis, and related conditions. CROI 2026 celebrated progress in HIV treatment and prevention while also acknowledging the challenges of sustained funding and global infrastructure. The conference emphasized the need for continued scientific discovery, global collaboration, and community engagement to advance the field.

Disclaimer: This article provides information based on research presented at CROI 2026 and available as of March 3, 2026. It is not intended as medical advice. Please consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.