International Edition
Latest News
Health

Impact of EMS Call Timing on CPR & Survival in Care Facilities

United Nations. World population prospects 2024. (Accessed 19 December 2024)].Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The trends and projections of long-term care insurance users. [Accessed 19 July 2025]. (in Japanese)Fire and Disaster Management Agency. Current status of emergency…

  • United Nations. World population prospects 2024. (Accessed 19 December 2024)].

  • Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The trends and projections of long-term care insurance users. [Accessed 19 July 2025]. (in Japanese)

  • Fire and Disaster Management Agency. Current status of emergency rescue services 2020. (Accessed 19 July 2025).

  • Shibahashi, K., Sakurai, S., Sugiyama, K., Ishida, T. & Hamabe, Y. Nursing home versus community resuscitation after cardiac arrest: comparative outcomes and risk factors. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 23(8), 1316–1321. (2022).

    Google Scholar

  • Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Long-term care for the elderly / Overview of long-term care system. Available from: (Accessed 5 Dec 2025].

  • Hamasaki, Y. et al. Facility staffing associated with potentially avoidable hospitalizations in nursing home residents in Japan: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 23(1), 566. (2023).

    Google Scholar

  • Fujimori I, Okuda T, Nakayama S, et al. Report on BLS training and skill acquisition among staff of elderly care facilities: Analysis of the Aikawa BLS course. Emergency Medical Foundation Japan (Kyūmei Shinkō Zaidan) Report. (2019). (Original in Japanese)

  • Pape, M. et al. Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in nursing homes: a nationwide study. Resuscitation 125, 90–98. (2018).

    Google Scholar

  • Vaux, J. et al. Management and outcomes of cardiac arrests at nursing homes: a French nationwide cohort study. Resuscitation 140, 86–92. (2019).

    Google Scholar

  • Hirlekar, G. et al. Comorbidity and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 133, 118–123. (2018).

    Google Scholar

  • Takei, Y., Nishi, T., Takase, K., Kamikura, T. & Inaba, H. Misplaced links in the chain of survival due to an incorrect manual for the emergency call at public facilities. Int. J. Emerg. Med. 6(1), 33. (2013).

    Google Scholar

  • Viereck, S. et al. Recognising out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during emergency calls increases bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival. Resuscitation 115, 141–147. (2017).

    Google Scholar

  • Sondergaard, K. B. et al. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and long-term outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to location of arrest. Eur. Heart J. 40(3), 309–318. (2019).

    Google Scholar

  • Waalewijn, R. A., Tijssen, J. G. & Koster, R. W. Bystander initiated actions in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: results from the Amsterdam Resuscitation Study (ARRESUST). Resuscitation 50(3), 273–279. (2001).

    Google Scholar

  • Kim, S. Y. et al. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the awareness time interval: a nationwide observational study. Emerg. Med. J. 39(2), 118–123. (2022).

    Google Scholar

  • Nishiyama, C. et al. Prodromal symptoms of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a report from a large-scale population-based cohort study. Resuscitation 84(5), 558–563. (2013).

    Google Scholar

  • Shi, H., Huang, T., Schernhammer, E. S., Sun, Q. & Wang, M. Rotating night shift work and healthy aging after 24 years of follow-up in the nurses’ health study. JAMA Netw. Open 5(5), e2210450. (2022).

    Google Scholar

  • Ferri, P. et al. The impact of shift work on the psychological and physical health of nurses in a general hospital: a comparison between rotating night shifts and day shifts. Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy 14(9), 203–211. (2016).

    Google Scholar

  • Tout, S., Lancry-Dayan, O. & Lavie, P. Current sleep interventions for shift workers: a mini review to shape a new preventative, multicomponent sleep management programme. Front. Sleep 3, 1343393. (2024).

    Google Scholar

  • Aldridge, E. S. et al. Barriers to CPR initiation and continuation during the emergency call relating to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A descriptive cohort study. Resuscitation 195, 110104. (2024).

    Google Scholar

  • Paratz, E. D. et al. A two-point strategy to clarify prognosis in >80 year olds experiencing out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 191, 109962. (2023).

    Google Scholar

  • Paratz, E. D. et al. Resuscitation of people with a do-not-resuscitate order: When does it happen and what are the outcomes?. Resuscitation 27, 110027. (2023).

    Google Scholar

  • Takei, Y. et al. Do early emergency calls before patient collapse improve survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests?. Resuscitation 88, 20–27. (2015).

    Google Scholar

  • Takei, Y. et al. Analysis of reasons for emergency call delays in Japan in relation to location: High incidence of correctable causes and the impact of delays on patient outcomes. Resuscitation 81(11), 1492–1498. (2010).

    Google Scholar

  • Hardeland, C. et al. Description of call handling in emergency medical dispatch centres in Scandinavia: Recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and dispatcher-assisted CPR. Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med. 29(1), 88. (2021).

    Google Scholar

  • Ngo, H., Birnie, T., Finn, J., Ball, S. & Perera, N. Emotions in telephone calls to emergency medical services involving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review. Resusc. Plus 11, 100264. (2022).

    Google Scholar

  • Missel, A. L. et al. Barriers to the initiation of telecommunicator-CPR during 9–1-1 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls: A qualitative study. Prehosp. Emerg. Care 28(1), 118–125. (2024).

    Google Scholar

  • date: 2026-02-09 04:30:00

    About the author: Dr Natalie Singh - Health Editor

    Board‑certified internal‑medicine physician and MPH. Natalie authored peer‑reviewed studies on infectious disease and served as medical editor. “Dr. Natalie Singh delivers evidence‑based health news, medical breakthroughs, and expert wellness guidance.”