Escalating Iran-Gulf Tensions: Attacks, Expulsions and Shifting Alliances
Recent weeks have witnessed a significant escalation in tensions between Iran and several Gulf states, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A surge in Iranian attacks, utilizing ballistic missiles and drones, has prompted a hardening of stances from regional powers and a re-evaluation of security alliances. This article examines the latest developments, focusing on the attacks, responses, and the evolving geopolitical landscape.
Recent Iranian Attacks and Regional Responses
On March 22, 2026, the UAE air defense system intercepted four ballistic missiles and 25 drones launched by Iran. This attack is part of a broader pattern of aggression, with UAE air defenses having engaged a total of 345 ballistic missiles, 15 cruise missiles, and 1,773 unmanned aerial vehicles since the beginning of the conflict, which began at the end of February. These attacks have targeted energy sites and military bases within the UAE.
The attacks have resulted in casualties, including the deaths of two members of the UAE armed forces and six civilians from Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Palestine. A total of 160 people have been injured, with citizens from over 20 countries – including the UAE, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Philippines, Pakistan, Iran, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Azerbaijan, Yemen, Uganda, Eritrea, Lebanon, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Comoros, Turkey, Iraq, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Jordan, Palestine, Ghana, Indonesia, Sweden and Tunisia – among those affected.
Saudi Arabia has responded firmly to the escalating attacks by expelling Iran’s military attaché, his assistant, and other embassy staff. This action underscores the Kingdom’s increasing concern over Iran’s regional activities.
Shifting Alliances and US Involvement
The current situation marks a shift in the approach of Saudi Arabia and the UAE towards the US-Israeli stance on Iran. According to current and former US officials, Saudi Arabia has expanded base access for the US military, opening King Fahd Air Base in Taif, Western Saudi Arabia, to American forces. This base is strategically important as it is further from Iranian drone range than Prince Sultan Air Base, which has been repeatedly targeted. Jeddah, a critical logistics hub, is similarly expected to play a key role in sustaining US armed forces if the conflict escalates Middle East Eye.
Thousands of US ground troops are being deployed to the region from East Asia. The UAE has also signaled its preparedness for a prolonged conflict, indicating it does not intend to pressure the US to seek a swift resolution Middle East Eye.
Previously, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar had lobbied against a direct US attack on Iran during the Trump administration, despite hosting US military bases Middle East Eye.
Regional Implications and Future Outlook
The UAE Ministry of Defense has emphasized that the Iranian strikes pose a threat not only to the country itself but also to the wider region. The attacks are widely seen as a response to US and Israeli actions, further complicating the geopolitical landscape. The situation remains highly volatile, with the potential for further escalation. Continued monitoring of regional developments and diplomatic efforts will be crucial in preventing a wider conflict.
Recent reports indicate continued attacks, with the UAE confirming it responded to Iranian drones and missiles on March 21, 2026 N18G.