Italy Approves Controversial Bill Enabling Naval Blockades Against Migrant Vessels

Rome – Italy’s cabinet, led by Premier Giorgia Meloni, has approved a bill introducing stringent new measures to combat illegal immigration, including provisions for a “naval blockade” to prevent migrant ships from reaching Italian shores. The legislation, approved on February 11, 2026, has drawn criticism from human rights organizations who warn it puts lives at risk and potentially violates international law.

Expanding Governmental Powers

The bill grants the Italian government the authority to prohibit vessels from entering Italian territorial waters for up to 30 days, renewable for a maximum of six consecutive months, under specific circumstances. These circumstances include a concrete risk of terrorism, “exceptional migratory pressure,” global health emergencies, or heightened security needs during international events .

Interdiction and Return Policies

Under the proposed legislation, Italy intends to interdict boats carrying migrants and return all individuals on board to “safe third countries” with which Italy has existing agreements. This approach aligns with recent changes to EU asylum rules, approved by the European Parliament, that allow member states to transfer asylum seekers to such countries . However, concerns have been raised regarding the lack of assessment of protection needs, vulnerabilities, or the physical and mental health of those being returned.

Impact on Search and Rescue NGOs

The bill is expected to further restrict the operations of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) involved in search and rescue activities in the Mediterranean Sea, already one of the deadliest migration routes globally. Violations of the imposed ban could result in fines of up to 50,000 euros and the seizure of vessels for repeat offenses . The Meloni government has already implemented measures to limit the capacity of rescue groups, including fines and ship detentions .

Implementation of EU Migration Pact

The new Italian migration package as well incorporates measures to implement the recently approved EU Pact on Migration and Asylum. This includes provisions for stricter border surveillance and accelerated border procedures designed to expedite the deportation of individuals from countries deemed “safe” or whose asylum claims are considered inadmissible .

Criticism and Concerns

Human rights organizations have voiced strong opposition to the bill, arguing that it undermines humanitarian efforts at sea and improperly shifts responsibility to other countries. Critics urge a careful parliamentary debate to address these concerns and ensure compliance with international human rights and refugee law .

Naval Blockade Details

The proposed naval blockade would allow Italy to deploy its navy to deter migrant vessels for up to 30 days under specific conditions, such as “exceptional migratory pressure” or a “serious threat to public order.” Repeat offenders could face vessel confiscation by the Italian state . This measure particularly targets maritime rescue NGO vessels, which frequently rescue migrants from unsafe boats in international waters and disembark them in Italian ports .