Malaysia’s Shifting Political Landscape: A Appear at Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional

Malaysia’s political scene is currently dominated by two major coalitions: Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Perikatan Nasional (PN). These alliances represent distinct ideological positions and have shaped the country’s governance in recent years, particularly following a period of political instability. This article examines the formation, ideologies, and current standings of both coalitions, providing context for understanding the ongoing political dynamics in Malaysia.

Pakatan Harapan: A Focus on Reform and Good Governance

Formed in 2015, Pakatan Harapan emerged as an opposition force centered on principles of reform and good governance.¹ The coalition comprises several parties, including the People’s Justice Party (PKR), the Democratic Action Party (DAP), and the National Trust Party (AMANAH).¹ PH initially aimed to address long-standing issues of corruption and improve transparency within the Malaysian political system.

Perikatan Nasional: A Coalition Forged in Crisis

In contrast to PH’s established foundation, Perikatan Nasional (PN) was formed in 2020 following a political crisis that led to the collapse of the PH government.¹ PN is a coalition of parties that came together to form a recent government, including the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Bersatu, and the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).¹ It has been characterized by a less defined ideology compared to PH, with some observers noting its formation was driven more by political maneuvering than a cohesive vision.¹

Current Political Standing

As of March 9, 2026, Perikatan Nasional holds 74 seats in the Dewan Rakyat (the lower house of Parliament), making it the second-largest coalition after Pakatan Harapan, which has 81 seats.¹ PN’s composition includes parties with right-wing and far-right ideologies, encompassing Islamism, national conservatism, and religious nationalism.¹

Ideological Differences

Pakatan Harapan generally leans towards center-left policies, emphasizing social justice, and inclusivity.¹ Perikatan Nasional, is positioned as center-right, with a stronger focus on Malay interests and conservative values.¹ These ideological differences often manifest in policy debates and shape the political discourse within the country.

Recent Developments and Future Outlook

Recent political developments suggest a potential opportunity for Barisan Nasional (BN) and Pakatan Harapan to regain control of states currently held by Perikatan Nasional, such as Perlis, Kedah, and Terengganu.¹ However, the stability of PN-led administrations in these states is perceived as questionable.¹ The evolving dynamics between these coalitions will likely continue to shape Malaysia’s political landscape in the coming years.

Key Takeaways

• Pakatan Harapan prioritizes reform and good governance.
• Perikatan Nasional emerged from a political crisis and represents a coalition of diverse parties.
• PN currently holds the second-largest number of seats in the Dewan Rakyat.
• Significant ideological differences exist between the two coalitions.
• The political landscape remains fluid, with potential for shifts in state control.