Phenylpropanolamine: Addressing Online Hoaxes and Current Safety Information

A recurring online hoax alleges health risks associated with phenylpropanolamine, a medication ingredient. This article provides an evidence-based overview of the situation, separating fact from fiction and offering current safety information as of March 16, 2026.

The Origin of the Hoax

The current wave of misinformation stems from a 2000 announcement by Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) regarding the withdrawal of phenylpropanolamine-containing medications from the Brazilian market. ANVISA took this action after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified a potential link between high doses of the substance, used as an appetite suppressant, and an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in young women. This initial concern sparked widespread alerts, many of which continue to circulate online today.

Current Status in Spain and Europe

The Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS) has clarified that the circulating claims are false. AEMPS states that phenylpropanolamine remains a safe ingredient when used in low doses as a decongestant in over-the-counter cold and flu medications. The AEMPS first addressed these false claims as early as 2008, tracing the misinformation back to the Brazilian ANVISA notice.

Phenylpropanolamine: Uses and Risks

Phenylpropanolamine is a sympathomimetic agent, meaning it mimics the effects of adrenaline. PubChem details its function as a nonselective adrenergic receptor agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Historically, it was used as both a decongestant and an appetite suppressant.

The concerns raised by the FDA and subsequently addressed by ANVISA specifically related to the use of phenylpropanolamine in high doses for weight loss. Studies, including research from Yale University, indicated a potential risk of brain hemorrhage in this context. However, the same studies did not find a similar risk when the substance was used at lower doses for decongestion in cold and flu remedies.

Current Availability and Regulation

As of March 16, 2026, only one medication containing phenylpropanolamine is currently marketed in Spain: Senioral. AEMPS confirms that this medication does not appear on the list circulated in the false WhatsApp alerts. No medications authorized in Spain contain phenylpropanolamine for appetite suppression.

Following the Yale University study, the AEMPS limited the recommended daily dose of phenylpropanolamine to 100 mg for adults to enhance safety margins.

Global Spread of Misinformation

This particular hoax has not been limited to Spain and Brazil. Fact-checking organizations in Argentina (Checked), Bolivia (Ministry of Health and Sports), and Colombia (ColombiaCheck) have also debunked similar claims circulating in their respective countries.

Key Takeaways

• The claims circulating about the dangers of phenylpropanolamine are largely based on a 2000 Brazilian health notice and are, outdated.
• Phenylpropanolamine remains safe for use as a decongestant in cold and flu medications when used at recommended doses.
• The risks identified by the FDA and ANVISA were specifically associated with high-dose use as an appetite suppressant.
• The AEMPS has taken steps to ensure the safe use of phenylpropanolamine in Spain by limiting the recommended daily dose.