The Canícula, a phenomenon in Mexico, typically triggers a temporary drop in rainfall and a surge in temperatures, often exceeding 40°C. According to the National Meteorological Service (SMN), this phenomenon is driven by strengthened trade winds in the middle atmosphere that block moisture and cloud formation, increasing solar radiation and heat-stroke risks across several states.
High-Risk States for Temperatures Above 40°C
The National Meteorological Service (SMN) identifies several entities as high-risk zones for extreme heat during the Canícula. Forecasts indicate that Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, Quintana Roo, Puebla, and Morelos are the most likely to record temperatures surpassing 40 degrees Celsius.
These regions face a compounding effect where the lack of rain creates a window of intense heat that can last approximately 40 days.
The Role of El Niño in Temperature Intensification
Meteorologists are closely monitoring the evolution of El Niño. The SMN has estimated a 62% probability of El Niño forming between June and August. If this phenomenon consolidates, the conditions of heat could intensify even more in various regions of the country.
Economic and Infrastructure Impacts
The Canícula is a concern for infrastructure and the economy. The SMN warns that the reduction in rainfall can lead to drought conditions in distinct regions, which directly impact agricultural productivity.
Beyond farming, the extreme heat increases the demand for potable water and electricity, particularly in the zones where the phenomenon manifests with greater intensity.
Health Precautions and Safety Guidelines
To mitigate the risk of dehydration and heat exhaustion, authorities recommend specific behavioral changes during the peak of the phenomenon:
- Avoid peak sun: Limit outdoor activities between 11:00 AM and 4:00 PM.
- Hydration: Maintain hydration.
- Clothing: Use light-colored, breathable fabrics and apply sunscreen.
- Vehicle Safety: Do not remain inside closed vehicles.
Authorities emphasize that children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses are at the highest risk for heat-related complications.
Canícula Quick Facts
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Average Duration | Approximately 40 days |
| Primary Cause | Strengthened trade winds in the middle atmosphere |
| Key Effect | Temporary pause in rains + increased solar radiation |
| Critical Risk | Heat stroke, dehydration, and agricultural drought |
While the SMN provides a general window for the start of the Canícula, the exact intensity and duration remain dependent on atmospheric conditions.
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