Shared Cancer Genes: How Studying Cats Can Advance Human Oncology
A fresh study reveals striking genetic similarities between cancer in cats and humans, offering a unique opportunity to accelerate cancer research and potentially develop new treatments for both species. The research highlights the value of comparative oncology – the study of cancer across different species – in unraveling the complexities of this disease.
The Growing Prevalence of Pet Ownership in Europe
With approximately 139 million households in Europe owning at least one cat, representing around 26 percent of the population [1], understanding feline cancer is increasingly relevant to human health. Cancer is a leading cause of illness and death in cats, yet the underlying mechanisms of its development have remained largely unknown.
Genetic Overlap in Cancer Development
Researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the University of Bern examined the genomes of approximately 500 pet cats across seven countries, analyzing DNA from tissue samples collected for veterinary purposes. They focused on around 1,000 genes known to be associated with human cancer, encompassing 13 different types of feline cancer. The study identified 31 shared driver genes, pinpointing genetic changes that contribute to cancer development in both cats and humans.
Key Gene Similarities: TP53 and FBXW7
The most frequently mutated gene in feline tumors was TP53, found in 33 percent of cases, mirroring the 34 percent mutation rate observed in human cancers. Mutations in TP53 disrupt its tumor-suppressing function, promoting cancer growth. Researchers found similarities in feline mammary cancer and human breast cancer, both sharing driver genes that control cell growth. Mutations in these genes can lead to unchecked tumor growth and spread.
Specifically, the gene FBXW7 showed significant changes in over 50 percent of cat mammary tumors. In humans, mutations in FBXW7 are associated with a poorer prognosis.
Potential for Novel Therapies
The large dataset of donated tissue samples allowed researchers to assess drug responses across various tumor types, paving the way for identifying potential new therapeutic options. [1] This research underscores the benefits of data sharing and collaboration between veterinary and human oncology fields.
The Importance of Comparative Oncology
“By comparing cancer genomics across different species, we gain a greater understanding of what causes cancer,” explains Bailey Francis, co-first author at the Wellcome Sanger Institute. The study emphasizes that knowledge and data exchange between disciplines can benefit all involved in cancer research.
European Pet Food and Animal Welfare
The European pet food industry continues to support animal health and welfare initiatives, collaborating with organizations like AnimalhealthEurope, the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE) and the Federation of European Companion Animal Veterinary Associations (FECAVA). [3] This collaborative approach aims to champion pet welfare and recognize the positive impact of pets on European lives.
Looking Ahead
The findings from this study represent a significant step forward in comparative oncology, offering new avenues for research and potential therapeutic development for both feline and human cancers. Continued collaboration and data sharing will be crucial in translating these discoveries into clinical benefits.