Chile Eliminates Leprosy: A Landmark Achievement

On March 4, 2026, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) officially verified Chile as the first country in the Americas – and the second globally – to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem. This milestone reflects decades of sustained public health action, robust surveillance, and commitment to universal access to diagnosis, and treatment.

A History of Leprosy in Chile

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, was historically recorded in Chile at the end of the 19th century, primarily on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). On the mainland, the disease occurred sporadically and was contained through isolation and treatment measures implemented on the island. The last secondary cases were managed in the late 1990s.

Sustained Vigilance and Elimination

Since 1993, Chile has not reported any locally acquired cases of leprosy. Despite this success, the disease remained on the country’s public health agenda as a notifiable condition. This meant continuous monitoring through mandatory reporting, integrated surveillance, and ongoing clinical readiness across the health system.

Between 2012 and 2023, Chile reported 47 cases of leprosy nationwide, but none were acquired locally. The country maintains key laboratory tools for confirming cases and implementing appropriate health responses, including genetic detection methodologies developed by the Institute of Public Health to support diagnosis and surveillance.

Understanding Leprosy

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. Without treatment, it can lead to permanent nerve damage, disabilities, and social stigma.

Fortunately, leprosy is completely curable with multidrug therapy, and early detection is crucial for preventing complications.

Global Impact and Ongoing Efforts

Even as Chile has achieved elimination, leprosy remains present in over 120 countries worldwide, with more than 200,000 fresh cases reported annually. This underscores the importance of maintaining robust surveillance systems and specialized diagnostic capabilities globally.

Key Takeaways

• Chile is the first country in the Americas to be verified as having eliminated leprosy as a public health problem.
• The achievement is the result of over three decades of sustained public health action and vigilance.
• Leprosy is a curable disease, and early detection is key to preventing disabilities.
• Leprosy remains a global health concern, requiring continued efforts in surveillance and treatment.

Chile’s success serves as an inspiring example for other nations striving to eliminate this ancient disease. Continued commitment to robust health systems, early detection, and universal access to care will be essential in consigning leprosy to history worldwide.