A 16-year observational study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology and reported by ELLE on October 23, 2026, reveals that adults who eat late-night snacks after dinner face a 20% to 30% higher risk of developing liver diseases, including cirrhosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
Study Details Nearly 200,000 Participants
The research tracked self-reported eating habits from nearly 200,000 participants over a 16-year follow-up period. Researchers defined late-night eating as consuming food after the evening meal.
Circadian Rhythms Explain Metabolic Disruption
Melissa Mroz-Planells, a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, explained that human metabolism follows a circadian rhythm. Eating late disrupts normal metabolic processes. Andrew McHill, a study co-author and expert on circadian rhythms, added that these findings suggest individuals should avoid eating close to bedtime or late at night whenever possible. McHill emphasized that approximately 30% of the U.S. population currently suffers from a liver condition, making timing adjustments potentially valuable.
Additional Health Risks Beyond the Liver
Beyond liver health, eating during the biological night can possibly disrupt blood sugar regulation, worsen reflux, and cause people to consume more calories. However, experts clarified that an occasional late-night snack does not automatically harm health. The impact depends on meal size, food choice, and individual sleep patterns.
Fast Before Bedtime to Reduce Risks
McHill advised that if schedules permit, stopping food intake two to four hours before a normal bedtime may reduce risks, though researchers emphasize that the observational study establishes a correlation rather than a direct causal link. Mroz-Planells noted that overall liver health also relies on regular physical exercise, adequate sleep, limiting sugary drinks and excess alcohol, and the overall quality of nutrition.