People with alopecia face increased risks of sunburn, dehydration, and skin irritation during hot weather because the scalp lacks the natural UV protection provided by hair. To manage these risks, dermatologists recommend using broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen, wearing UPF-rated hats, and increasing water intake, especially for those taking medications like spironolactone or oral minoxidil.
How does alopecia increase sun and heat risks?
Hair acts as a primary physical shield against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Without it, the scalp is directly exposed to the sun, making individuals more susceptible to sunburn and skin damage. According to Alessandra Haskin, MD, a dermatologist at Weiser Skin MD, sunburns can cause inflammation that may further exacerbate hair loss.
Heat also presents a mechanical challenge. Hair typically helps channel sweat away from the face. For those with alopecia universalis—a rare type of autoimmune alopecia that can lead to the loss of all hair on the head and body—the absence of eyebrows and eyelashes allows sweat to pour directly into the eyes, causing irritation.
What are the best ways to protect a bald scalp?
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Because people with alopecia may have sensitive skin and skin allergies, Alison Mann, a licensed clinical social worker who lives with alopecia and leads a hair loss support group, suggests that if you have something that works for your face, that can usually work for your head.
If sunscreen causes irritation, Dr. Haskin suggests the following alternatives:
- UPF-Protective Hats: Lightweight models with built-in sun protection and sweat-resistant material.
- Sun Umbrellas: A portable option for those who are really hot.
How do hair loss medications affect heat tolerance?
Certain medications used to treat alopecia can increase the risk of dehydration or sun sensitivity, necessitating stricter hydration and sun-safety protocols.
| Medication | Potential Heat/Sun Risk | Management Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| Spironolactone | Dehydration | Increase water intake; carry a reusable bottle. |
| Oral Minoxidil | Light-headedness and fainting | Maintain hydration to mitigate risk. |
| Doxycycline | Increased photosensitivity | Consult doctor about temporary dosage adjustment. |
How should you manage sweat and wigs in summer?
High temperatures can make wigs uncomfortable and lead to skin issues. Dr. Haskin warns that topical minoxidil can mix with perspiration and run onto the face, potentially causing unwanted facial hair growth.
To manage sweat, Mann suggests using handheld fans, taking air conditioning breaks, or wearing activewear mesh bandanas or headscarves under hats. To prevent acne or dandruff caused by sweat, Dr. Haskin recommends washing the scalp at least once a week (depending on hair type, three to four times a week), starting with a dandruff shampoo (left on for 5 to 10 minutes) followed by a hydrating shampoo.
Regarding wigs, Mann suggests lace models as the lightest option. Dr. Haskin advises avoiding wigs with silicone grips, as they can be uncomfortable in the heat, and warns against styles that cause tension and friction on the front of the scalp.
When should you see a dermatologist during the summer?
A preventative check-up at the start of the season allows doctors to establish a point of reference for hair follicles before summer travel or style changes. According to Dr. Haskin, you should see your dermatologist if you experience:
- Persistent itching that does not improve with shampooing.
- An increase in flaking or dandruff.
- The appearance of bumps on the scalp (folliculitis), which may indicate trapped bacteria.
- A drastic change in the amount of hair shedding.