Mahjong’s Resurgence in Japan: From Backrooms to Brain Training

NAGOYA – Mahjong, a game historically linked to smoky parlors and casual gambling, is experiencing a remarkable revival in Japan, attracting players of all ages. This resurgence is fueled by growing recognition of its cognitive benefits and a modern image shaped by popular culture.

A Game for Health and Well-being

In November 2025, a “health” mahjong tournament was held in Obu, Aichi Prefecture, signaling a shift in the game’s perception. Mahjong is increasingly recognized for its potential to improve cognitive functions and encourage social interaction, particularly among seniors as reported by the Mainichi Shimbun. These tournaments, organized by Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Co. Since fiscal 2024, have drawn approximately 6,600 participants nationwide, adhering to a strict “no gambling, no drinking, no smoking” policy.

“Mahjong exercises the mind and hands, allows for conversation, and above all, is fun,” says Yoshiko Hino, 83, a participant in these tournaments. Michiko Matsui, also 83, echoes this sentiment, enjoying the game despite being a novice.

Expanding Demographic: From Seniors to Students

The appeal of mahjong extends beyond the elderly. Kawasaki-based Neuron Mahjong School, which offers lessons across Japan, now boasts around 68,000 members, ranging in age from 5 to 98. Notably, the number of members aged preschool to high school has steadily increased, reaching a record 2,949 by the end of November 2025.

The Influence of Manga, Anime, and Online Gaming

The changing image of mahjong is significantly influenced by its portrayal in popular media. The online game “Mahjong Soul,” with over 15 million registered users, presents a modern and accessible entry point to the game. The manga series “Saki,” which debuted in 2006 and has sold over 10 million copies, and its subsequent adaptations into TV anime and film, have also played a crucial role in attracting a younger audience according to the Mainichi Shimbun. Ritz Kobayashi, the author of “Saki,” observes a growing appreciation for the game even without cash stakes.

Professionalization and the Rise of M-League

The professional mahjong league “M-League,” launched in 2018, has further elevated the game’s status. M-League introduced professional contracts with businesses, banned gambling, and established a minimum annual salary of 4 million yen (approximately $25,100) for participants. This has positioned mahjong as a “mind sport,” enhancing its appeal as both entertainment and competitive activity as highlighted by the Mainichi Shimbun.

A Microcosm of Life: Cognitive Benefits and Strategic Thinking

Yuichi Ikeya, Neuron’s representative, describes mahjong as “a microcosm of life,” emphasizing the importance of strategic thinking and adapting to challenges. He highlights the psychological battle involved, requiring players to read opponents’ habits and strategies.

Medical research supports these observations. A study conducted by Takefumi Higashijima, a neurosurgeon at Yokosuka General Medical Center, found an average IQ increase of 8% in children attending Neuron’s mahjong classes over a two-year period starting in January 2020. Improvements were observed in concentration, information processing, and visual memory processing speed. Higashijima emphasizes that mahjong can be beneficial at any age, with particular advantages for brain function when started around age 6, and notes its potential to combat elderly isolation.

Nagoya’s Thriving Mahjong Parlor Culture

Nagoya is a prominent city in Japan with a vibrant mahjong parlor culture, offering a variety of options for players of all levels as detailed by MJ-Lime. These parlors cater to both beginners and experienced players, with options ranging from casual play to private rooms for a more intimate experience.

Mahjong, as of 2008, had approximately 7.6 million players and 8,900 parlors in Japan, generating over 300 billion yen in sales that year according to Wikipedia.