Spain is bracing for its second heat wave of the year, with the State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) issuing a special warning for extreme temperatures starting this Sunday. The event, driven by a mass of warm, dry air and a high-pressure ridge, is expected to bring peak temperatures between 38°C and 42°C across much of the country, lasting until at least next Tuesday.
Where will temperatures be highest?
The most intense heat is forecast for the southwestern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, the Ebro Valley, and the northeastern depressions. According to AEMET, these areas will likely see sustained temperatures reaching 38°C to 42°C.
The heat wave is expected to follow this progression:
- Saturday: The warming trend expands to the entire peninsula, with highs near 37°C in the interior and meseta sur, and nearing 40°C in the southwest.
- Sunday: The official start of the heat wave brings temperatures of 39°C to 41°C to the southwest, with localized peaks of 42°C in river valleys.
- Monday: Forecasted as the peak of the event, with highs of 42°C in the southwest and near 40°C throughout much of the interior.
What is causing this heat wave?
The current weather pattern is defined by a combination of atmospheric stability, high solar radiation, and weak winds. AEMET reports that a mass of very warm, dry air is moving over the peninsula, supported by an anticyclonic ridge and a DANA (Isolated Depression at High Levels) positioned to the west. This configuration traps heat, preventing the usual cooling cycles that typically occur overnight.
How will this affect public health and safety?
Health authorities warn that this event poses significant risks, particularly for the elderly, individuals with chronic illnesses, and those working outdoors. The persistence of high temperatures during the night—known as "tropical" or "tórrid" nights—will likely prevent adequate recovery, further increasing the health burden.
Beyond human health, the combination of extreme heat and dry ground conditions has significantly elevated the risk of forest fires. AEMET has noted that the arrival of dry storms early next week, which may bring lightning but very little rain, could exacerbate fire conditions in mountainous areas.
When will the temperatures drop?
A gradual cooling trend is projected to begin on Tuesday, starting in the north and west. However, uncertainty remains regarding the exact duration of the heat wave. AEMET emphasizes that the final trajectory and position of the DANA will dictate how quickly the atmosphere stabilizes, meaning high temperatures may persist in the Ebro Valley and the southeastern regions longer than in other parts of the country.
Summary of Risks
- Health: High risk of heat-related illness; avoid outdoor activity during peak sun hours.
- Infrastructure: Increased risk of forest fires due to parched vegetation.
- Rest: Potential for sleep disruption due to high nighttime minimums.