Pakistan-Administered Jammu and Kashmir Faces Escalating Crackdown Amid Human Rights Concerns

The Pakistani government’s intensified suppression of protests in Jammu and Kashmir, including an internet blackout, mass arrests, and lethal force, has drawn sharp criticism from international human rights groups, according to Amnesty International. The crackdown follows the designation of the Jammu and Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee (JKJAAC) as a “proscribed organization” under anti-terror laws on 5 June 2024.

Proscription of JKJAAC Undercuts Free Speech

The JKJAAC, a grassroots movement advocating for economic and political rights in the region, was labeled a “terrorist” group by Pakistani authorities on 5 June. Isabelle Lassee, Amnesty International’s Deputy Regional Director for South Asia, called the move “disproportionate, unlawful, and a violation of the right to freedom of association.” The group had planned a banned rally in response to stalled negotiations over legislative reforms, including the abolition of 12 seats reserved for refugees from Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.

Internet Shutdown and Travel Restrictions ‘Seal’ the Region

On 5 June, Pakistan suspended all internet and mobile networks in the region until 12 June, while advising “outsiders” to avoid traveling there. Federal paramilitary troops were deployed, according to local reports. Activists say the measures have “sealed” the region, stifling information flow. Journalist Sohrab Barkat, who criticized the JKJAAC on his YouTube channel, was arrested under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016, on 6 June.

Violent Crackdown Leaves Multiple Dead and Injured

Security forces arrested over 100 JKJAAC members between 6 and 7 June, raiding the group’s Muzaffarabad office. On 5 June, activist Shahzeb Habib was shot during a police encounter and later died from his injuries. Clashes in Rawalakot on 7 June resulted in at least eight protesters and four police officers killed, with 23 police and 50 protesters injured, according to local media. Amnesty International urged an independent inquiry into the deaths, citing “allegations of extrajudicial killings.”

Historical Context of Repressive Measures

This is not the first time the JKJAAC has faced state violence. In May 2024, Amnesty International documented the use of lethal force during a protest, resulting in three protester deaths. A similar crackdown in October 2025 left nine dead, including six protesters and three police officers. The current measures come ahead of scheduled regional elections on 27 July, with activists warning of suppressed political participation.

International Calls for Accountability

Amnesty International has demanded that Pakistan “de-escalate the situation,” adhere to international human rights standards, and lift the ban on the JKJAAC. “The authorities must ensure peaceful assemblies and protect the right to freedom of association,” Lassee said. The group also called for accountability for the deaths of protesters and police officers, emphasizing the need for transparency in investigations.