Understanding the Ruby-Throated Hummingbird: A Guide to New Jersey’s Native Pollinator

For bird enthusiasts in New Jersey, the sight of a ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is a hallmark of the spring and summer months. As the only hummingbird species that breeds in eastern North America, these birds are a vital part of the local ecosystem. Understanding their ecology and behavior is the first step toward creating a backyard environment that supports their survival and reproductive success.

Ecology and Identification

Ruby-throated hummingbirds are remarkably small, typically measuring between 2.8 and 3.5 inches in length. They are light, weighing an average of 2.9 to 3.8 grams—less than the weight of a standard nickel. Both males and females feature a shimmery green back and crown with a grayish-white belly. However, the male is easily distinguished by its iridescent ruby-red throat, which catches the light as it hovers.

These birds are known for their incredible agility. Their wings beat 50 to 70 times per second, allowing them to hover in mid-air while feeding on nectar from delicate flowers. While they do not sing in the traditional sense, they communicate through a series of sharp chattering or buzzing sounds, which are frequently heard during territorial disputes or courtship displays.

Habitat and Seasonal Behavior

Ruby-throated hummingbirds frequent a variety of habitats that offer reliable food sources. While populations have shown an upward trend since 1966, their success is intrinsically linked to the availability of quality, nectar-rich environments. The proliferation of invasive plant species and the use of non-native landscaping can threaten these habitats by reducing the resources hummingbirds rely on.

A common observation among backyard birders is a sudden, temporary drop in hummingbird activity during mid-May. While some assume the birds have migrated, they are often simply shifting their focus. During this period, the blooming of Japanese honeysuckle—a highly invasive but nectar-rich plant—can distract hummingbirds from artificial feeders. As the season progresses, they remain in the region to forage and breed, eventually beginning their migration toward Florida and Central America between late July and early September.

Supporting Hummingbirds in Your Backyard

To attract ruby-throated hummingbirds, the most effective strategy is to provide native plants that offer both nectar and essential protein. Hummingbirds supplement their diet with soft-bodied insects, making a garden with a diverse array of native flora an ideal habitat.

Key Takeaways for Birders

• Focus on Natives: Native plants provide the most reliable nectar and attract the insects hummingbirds need for protein.
• Monitor Seasonal Shifts: A lull in feeder activity in mid-May does not necessarily mean the birds have left the area; they may be foraging on other available blooms.
• Habitat Quality: Limiting the spread of invasive plants on your property helps ensure that local hummingbird populations have the resources they need to thrive.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did the hummingbirds stop visiting my feeders in May?

It is common for sightings to drop off between mid-May and early June. This often coincides with the blooming of natural nectar sources like Japanese honeysuckle, which can draw hummingbirds away from feeders.

What do ruby-throated hummingbirds eat?

Their diet consists primarily of nectar from flowers. However, they also require protein, which they obtain by consuming small, soft-bodied insects.

Are ruby-throated hummingbirds common in New Jersey?

Yes, they are the only species of hummingbird that breeds in eastern North America and are a regular sight in New Jersey during the summer months.

For more information on identifying local wildlife and creating sustainable habitats, consult resources provided by the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources.