Colombia’s military service rules are shifting again, with a fresh decree allowing volunteers to extend their compulsory duty up to two and a half years.
The change, announced by the government, modifies the 2017 Law 1861 which previously capped service at 12 months for high school graduates and 18 months for those without diplomas. Under the updated framework, soldiers who complete their initial term can apply for an additional six to twelve months, contingent on performance evaluations, disciplinary records, and available military placements.
Officials say the reform aims to modernize recruitment by offering greater flexibility to young people while strengthening operational capacity. Analysts note the move reflects a broader effort to professionalize the armed forces by incentivizing voluntary continuation rather than relying solely on conscription.
Eligibility for extension requires a formal application submitted in advance, a positive service review, no criminal or disciplinary sanctions, and approval based on unit vacancies. Not all applicants will be accepted, introducing a competitive element among those seeking to remain in service.
For many youths, the option to stay longer represents a path to stability, training, and potential careers in security or defense. The monthly stipend, already near the national minimum wage — approximately $300 (1,300,000 Colombian pesos) — continues alongside food, housing, uniforms, and medical care during service.
Exemptions remain in place for specific groups, including only children, orphans supporting siblings, children of incapacitated or elderly parents, relatives of fallen or disabled service members, clergy, married individuals, those in legally recognized common-law unions, people with disabilities, Indigenous communities, and transgender women whose civil registry no longer lists male sex.
The Ministry of Justice reaffirmed that public security forces cannot detain individuals solely for failing to report for duty, countering a widespread belief that authorities conduct surprise apprehensions of draft evaders.
Who is required to serve in Colombia’s military?
Military service is legally mandatory for men aged 18 to 24. Women are not required to serve but may volunteer. Exemptions apply to specific categories defined by law, including only children and certain family circumstances.
Can someone avoid service by being an only child?
Yes. The Ministry of Justice lists being an only child as the primary legal exemption from compulsory military service in Colombia.