Lifeguard Shortage Linked to Pandemic-Induced Training Disruptions, Experts Say

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted swimming lessons and lifeguard training programs nationwide, contributing to a critical shortage of certified lifeguards, according to data from the American Lifeguard Association (ALA). A 2023 report by the ALA found that over 40% of aquatic facilities reported difficulty filling lifeguard positions, with many citing a lack of trained candidates as a primary barrier.

Swimming lesson enrollments dropped by 35% during the 2020–2021 academic year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey, while lifeguard certification courses saw a 28% decline in participation compared to 2019, per the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA). These trends have left many public pools and beaches operating with reduced staffing, increasing risks for water-related injuries.

What Caused the Lifeguard Shortage?

The disruption began in March 2020, when lockdowns and safety protocols forced the closure of indoor pools, aquatic centers, and swim schools. The Red Cross, which trains over 100,000 lifeguards annually, paused in-person certification programs for six months, according to its 2021 annual report. “Many trainees were unable to complete their courses due to facility closures or social distancing mandates,” said Sarah Lin, a Red Cross spokesperson.

Additionally, the pandemic strained the availability of instructors. A 2022 survey by the International Water Safety Association (IWSA) found that 62% of lifeguard trainers reported resignations or career changes during the crisis, citing burnout and reduced funding for aquatic programs.

How Has the Shortage Affected Communities?

The shortage has had tangible consequences. In 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a 15% increase in drowning incidents at public pools compared to 2019, though officials cautioned that the rise could also reflect improved reporting rather than a direct causal link. “Fewer lifeguards mean longer response times and higher risks, especially in high-traffic areas,” said Dr. Michael Torres, a CDC water safety expert.

Some municipalities have responded by relaxing training requirements. For example, Florida’s Department of Health approved a temporary waiver for lifeguard certification in 2022, allowing trained swimmers to assist in emergencies. However, this approach has drawn criticism from safety advocates. “Lifeguards undergo rigorous training to manage emergencies—cutting corners risks lives,” said Emily Carter, a spokesperson for the National Aquatic Safety Coalition.

What’s Being Done to Address the Crisis?

Efforts to rebuild the workforce are underway. The ALA launched a national recruitment campaign in 2023, offering free online training modules and partnerships with colleges to integrate lifeguarding into physical education curricula. Meanwhile, the NRPA secured $12 million in federal funding to support aquatic facility reopenings and staff training.

Private organizations are also stepping in. AquaGuard, a lifeguard staffing company, reported a 50% increase in hiring in 2023, citing demand from resorts and community centers. “We’re seeing a surge in requests, but the pipeline of trained lifeguards remains limited,” said CEO Lisa Nguyen.

As summer approaches, experts urge continued investment in training programs. “Water safety is a public health issue,” said Dr. Natalie Singh, a board-certified internal medicine physician and health editor. “Rebuilding lifeguard capacity isn’t just about staffing—it’s about preventing tragedies.”

American Lifeguard Association | Red Cross | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention