Dancing May Offer Cognitive Benefits, Especially for Those with Early Cognitive Decline
Dance practice may offer benefits for cognitive health, particularly for older adults experiencing early stages of cognitive decline. Research suggests that engaging in dance can positively impact brain activity and emotional well-being, though more research is needed to fully understand the extent of these effects.
Understanding Cognitive Decline
Cognitive decline refers to a reduction in brain capacity, often manifesting as difficulties with memory, language, or concentration. It exists on a spectrum, ranging from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) – self-reported memory issues not yet verifiable by testing – to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia 1. Cognitive impairment is distinct from normal aging and is often recognized by both the individual experiencing it and those close to them 1.
The Kyoto University Study
Researchers at Kyoto University investigated the link between dance and cognitive function in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Fifty-three participants aged 65 to 84 with SCD were involved in the study. Participants underwent initial cognitive assessments and brain activity scans and their oxytocin levels were measured. Oxytocin, often referred to as the “happiness hormone,” is believed to be linked to well-being and social interaction 2.
Dance Training and Results
The participants were divided into two groups: a dance training group and a control group that maintained their usual lifestyle. The dance training involved learning choreographed routines to popular and traditional Japanese songs over a period of twelve weeks 2.
The study revealed a significant increase in oxytocin secretion in the dance training group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed increased functional brain connectivity and greater spontaneous brain activation at rest in this group as well 2. While cognitive test scores did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups, researchers suggest this may be due to the participants’ relatively high initial scores.
Further Research and Considerations
Researchers acknowledge that factors such as cognitive load, the intensity of dance classes, and duration of training may influence the results and warrant further investigation. Despite the lack of significant cognitive test score improvements, the findings support the potential benefits of dance for social well-being 2.
Other Interventions for Cognitive Health
A multicenter trial in Japan examined the efficacy of a multidomain intervention – including management of vascular risk factors, exercise, nutritional counseling, and cognitive training – in preventing cognitive decline among older adults with MCI. While the intervention did not demonstrate a significant impact on overall cognitive decline, secondary analyses indicated positive effects on several health outcomes 3. The interventions appeared most effective for those with high attendance during exercise sessions and those with specific genetic markers 3.
Early Detection of MCI
Advances in technology are also aiding in the early detection of MCI. Focus Systems and Kyoto Tachibana Gakuen have jointly developed an AI-powered app that uses eye movements and operational history to screen for MCI 4. This app, based on the Cognitive Composition Test (CCT), aims to provide an accessible way to assess cognitive function without specialized knowledge 4.
While cilostazol, an antiplatelet drug, has shown promise in promoting the clearance of β-amyloid (a waste product associated with dementia) in some patients with MCI, further research is needed to determine its effectiveness in preventing disease progression 5.
The number of individuals with dementia and MCI is growing globally, highlighting the importance of early detection and preventative strategies.