H5N1 Bird Flu: Current Situation and U.S. Cases

The H5N1 avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, continues to spread globally, impacting wild birds, poultry, and, sporadically, humans. As of February 21, 2026, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is closely monitoring the situation and providing updates on the evolving public health risk.

Current Situation: Global and U.S. Outbreaks

According to the CDC, H5 bird flu is widespread in wild birds worldwide and is causing outbreaks in poultry. Sporadic human cases have been identified in U.S. Dairy and poultry workers. The CDC emphasizes that while the current public health risk is low, vigilance and monitoring are crucial.

Human Cases in the U.S.

Since February 2024, a total of 71 human cases of H5 bird flu have been reported in the United States. Of these, seven were detected through national flu surveillance, and 64 were identified through human monitoring. The CDC streamlined updates on H5 bird flu with routine influenza data updates on July 7, 2025, reflecting the current public health situation. Monthly reports on monitored and tested individuals are available on the CDC website.

First U.S. Death from H5N1

Tragically, the first death in the United States attributed to H5N1 bird flu was reported by Louisiana on January 6, 2025. The CDC stated that while this outcome is not unexpected given the virus’s potential for severe illness and death, it underscores the importance of continued monitoring and preventative measures. As of that date, there had been 66 confirmed human cases in the U.S. Since 2024, and 67 since 2022. Globally, over 950 cases had been reported to the World Health Organization, with approximately half resulting in fatalities.

First Severe Case in the U.S.

Prior to the fatality, on December 18, 2024, Louisiana reported the first severe case of H5N1 bird flu in the United States. The CDC confirmed the case, noting that the virus belonged to the D1.1 genotype, similar to viruses detected in wild birds, poultry, and human cases in Canada and Washington state. This genotype differs from the B3.13 genotype found in dairy cows and some poultry outbreaks.

Genomic Sequencing and Virus Analysis

The CDC has been conducting genomic sequencing of viruses collected from patients, including the individual in Louisiana, to understand the virus’s characteristics and potential for spread. This analysis helps assess the risk to human health and inform public health recommendations.

Transmission and Risk Factors

Currently, no person-to-person transmission of H5 bird flu has been detected. Most human infections are linked to animal-to-human exposure, particularly through contact with infected birds or other animals. The case in Louisiana was the first in the U.S. Linked to exposure to a backyard flock.

Prevention and Precautions

The CDC recommends the following precautions to prevent H5 bird flu infection:

• Avoid contact with sick or dead animals, especially wild birds and poultry.
• Wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling animals or materials potentially contaminated with the virus.
• Do not touch surfaces or materials contaminated with saliva, mucous, or feces from infected animals.
• Avoid consuming unpasteurized milk or raw milk products.

Resources

For more information on H5 bird flu in the U.S. And the CDC’s response, visit the H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation page.