Hepatitis A Outbreak in Naples, Italy: Cases Rise Sharply

Naples, Italy is currently experiencing a significant surge in hepatitis A cases, placing a strain on local healthcare resources. Cotugno Hospital, a specialized infectious disease center in Naples, is reporting a notably higher number of hospitalizations than typically seen in March. This outbreak is prompting concern among health officials, with a focus on understanding the cause and preventing further spread.

Current Situation at Cotugno Hospital

As of mid-March 2026, Cotugno Hospital has 43 patients hospitalized with hepatitis A, a figure described as “very unusual” for this time of year. Typically, the hospital sees around ten mild cases in March that can be managed with outpatient treatment. Although, the current situation involves a large number of severe cases, leading to overcrowding and patients being treated in the emergency room. One 46-year-classic patient has been transferred to the Cardarelli hospital for evaluation for a potential liver transplant due to severe liver failure associated with hepatitis A.

Seasonal Trends and Risk Factors

Hepatitis A cases in the Campania region, where Naples is located, traditionally increase in January, often linked to the consumption of raw seafood during the holiday season. However, the sustained high numbers into March are raising concerns. The current outbreak is affecting individuals primarily between the ages of 35 and 45, who require hospitalization.

Preventing Hepatitis A: Vaccination and Awareness

Hepatitis A is a preventable disease through vaccination. However, vaccination is not mandatory in Italy, except for specific groups such as cooks and healthcare workers. Vaccination is available for both children and adults, but individuals must choose to receive it. In contrast, vaccination is mandatory in some regions, such as South America.

What is Hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus is primarily spread when someone ingests something – food or water – contaminated with the feces of a person infected with the virus. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and dark urine.

Key Takeaways

• Naples is experiencing an unusual surge in hepatitis A cases.
• Cotugno Hospital is currently overwhelmed with severe cases.
• The outbreak is affecting a younger demographic (35-45 years old).
• Hepatitis A is preventable through vaccination, but uptake is low in Italy.