Risks of Illegally Imported Medications Rise in Switzerland

A growing number of Swiss residents are turning to online sources for medications, often unaware of the potential dangers. While cost savings may seem appealing, the risks associated with illegally imported drugs – ranging from ineffective treatments to serious health consequences – are significant and increasing, according to Swissmedic, the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products.

Shifting Trends in Illegally Imported Drugs

Historically, erectile dysfunction medications dominated the market for illegally imported drugs. In 2022, these accounted for 79% of intercepted shipments from abroad. Although, recent data for 2025 shows a shift, with this proportion falling to 41%. Concurrently, medications for hair loss have seen a surge in popularity, increasing from 2% of intercepted shipments in 2023 to 19% in 2025. This trend reflects a broader societal focus on lifestyle, beauty, and anti-aging products, fueled in part by social media, where full hair is often seen as a desirable trait.

Hair Loss Treatments: Risks and Regulations

Two primary active ingredients are used to treat hair loss: finasteride (for men only) and minoxidil (for both men and women). Finasteride works by blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a hormone that contributes to hair follicle atrophy. However, some medical professionals are becoming hesitant to prescribe finasteride due to potential side effects, including libido disorders and potency problems. Research suggests these side effects may persist even after discontinuing treatment, a condition known as post-finasteride syndrome.

Minoxidil, originally developed to lower blood pressure, was found to stimulate hair growth. It is generally considered effective, with studies indicating that users experience, on average, 10% more hair that is also thicker, and around 80% of users report satisfaction. However, minoxidil is not covered by basic Swiss health insurance, as baldness is typically considered an aesthetic concern rather than a medical condition. The annual cost of minoxidil treatment ranges from 400 to 500 Swiss francs, prompting some individuals to seek cheaper alternatives online.

Dangers of Counterfeit and Unregulated Medications

Experts strongly advise against purchasing hair loss treatments, or any medication, from unverified online sources. The composition of these products is often unknown, raising concerns about the presence of incorrect dosages, harmful ingredients, or even entirely inactive substances. For women, an overdose of minoxidil can lead to the development of unwanted facial hair (“lady’s beard”). Improper use or lack of medical supervision can lead to temporary increased hair loss before any potential benefits are realized, causing patients to discontinue treatment prematurely.

Swissmedic warns that many individuals are unaware that minoxidil products are classified as medications, believing them to be simple cosmetic products. This misunderstanding contributes to the risks associated with self-treatment.

Serious Health Risks: “Werewolf Syndrome” and Pet Poisoning

The dangers extend beyond cosmetic side effects. A study from Spain documented cases of “werewolf syndrome” (excessive hair growth on the face, legs, or back) in infants whose parents were using minoxidil. EU package inserts now include warnings about this risk. Even more concerning, minoxidil is highly toxic to cats. Ingestion, even through licking a treated owner’s skin or resting on a treated pillow, can be fatal. Several documented cases of cat deaths have been linked to minoxidil poisoning.

Rise in Shipments from Western Europe and Online Scams

Authorities are also observing a shift in the origin of illegal drug shipments. While previously most originated from outside Europe, 40% now come from Western European countries. This increase is attributed to a new scam involving criminal networks hacking legitimate Swiss websites and using them to sell counterfeit medications or redirect users to foreign online pharmacies. Swissmedic has informed 64 domain owners about these breaches, urging them to restore the legal status of their websites.

Protecting Your Health: A Call for Caution

Swissmedic emphasizes the importance of obtaining medications through legal channels and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. The agency continues to operate to combat the illegal trade in medications and raise awareness of the associated risks. Consumers are urged to exercise extreme caution when purchasing medications online and to prioritize their health and safety.