The Mountains of Korea: Fortune, Health and History
For centuries, Koreans have attributed special energies and fortunes to the country’s mountains. From seeking success to praying for health and academic achievement, specific peaks have become deeply intertwined with cultural beliefs. While the concept of mountains influencing fate is rooted in traditional feng shui and folklore, the enduring popularity of these beliefs speaks to a continuing desire for guidance and hope.
Inwangsan: The Mountain of Official Fortune
Inwangsan Mountain, located west of Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, is traditionally considered a place where official fortune rises. Historically, the western side of Gyeongbokgung Palace was believed to hold the “king’s energy,” according to West Wanggi Docham. During the Joseon Dynasty, Gwanghaegun attempted to relocate the capital to Gyoha, Paju, fearing the emergence of a rival king in the west, but ultimately built Ingyeonggung Palace at the foot of Inwangsan, influenced by the monk Seongji’s counsel. This later led to the construction of Gyeonghuigung Palace after suspicions arose regarding a potential “born king” within the area.
Namsan: A Mountain of Wealth
Namsan Mountain, known as Mokmyeoksan (meaning “mountain densely packed with trees”) during the Joseon Dynasty, is renowned as a place of fortune. King Taejo Lee Seong-gye honored the mountain spirit as King Mokmyeok and established a shrine for ancestral rites. Its location connecting the royal palace and the Han River naturally fostered trade and commerce, leading to the formation of Namdaemun Market. The waterway access through Hangangjin (now Hannam-dong) further contributed to the area’s prosperity, and Hannam-dong remains one of Korea’s wealthiest neighborhoods.
Palgongsan and Daedunsan: Mountains for Academic Success
Palgongsan Mountain and Daedunsan Mountain in Daegu are associated with strong luck in examinations. Gatbawi Rock, atop Palgongsan’s Gwanbong Peak, is particularly famous. The stone Buddha statue wearing a hat is believed to grant wishes, attracting students and families during exam seasons. Daedunsan Mountain, with its Munpilbong Peak resembling brush tips, was likewise a favored destination for scholars preparing for civil service exams.
Seoraksan: A Mountain for Health and Vitality
Seoraksan Mountain, along with Suraksan and Dobongsan in Seoul, is considered a mountain of health and healing. In feng shui, water represents vital energy and rocks symbolize positive energy. These mountains combine both elements, fostering spiritual and physical well-being. Ulsan Rock on Seoraksan is a prime example, with the mountain’s granite boulders and valleys attracting those seeking healing and meditation. Baekdamsa Temple provided a retreat for contemplation and mental clarity.
Gwanaksan: A Mountain with a Complex History
Gwanaksan Mountain has a more complex reputation. While recently gaining popularity due to a fortune teller’s claim that climbing it can change one’s luck, historical accounts paint a different picture. King Sejo, who ascended the throne after killing his nephew, sought to dispel his karma at Gwanaksan but experienced anguish, insomnia, and illness. He and several of his descendants suffered premature deaths. This history suggests that, traditionally, Gwanaksan was not viewed as a particularly auspicious mountain.
The Interpretation of Mountains and Fate
The association of mountains with specific fortunes is often based on interpretations of their shape and energy, rather than strict adherence to traditional feng shui principles. The belief in mountains influencing fate reflects a broader human tendency to seek meaning and hope in the natural world, particularly in times of uncertainty.