Clade Ib Mpox: What You Need to Know

On October 30, 2024, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed the first case of Clade 1b mpox in the UK. This case involved an individual who had recently traveled to African countries experiencing community transmission of Clade Ib mpox.

While sporadic imported cases of mpox are possible among travelers from endemic areas, the risk to the general public remains very low. The ECDC and WHO have assessed the overall risk for the general population in the EU/EEA as low. However, the risk for people with close contact with a confirmed or suspected case from affected areas in Africa is considered moderate.

Understanding Clade Ib Mpox

Mpox is a rare disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It is primarily found in certain animal populations in Central and West Africa and has occasionally caused limited outbreaks in local communities and travelers.

Since December 2022, a significant outbreak of mpox has been ongoing in the Democratic Republic of Congo, with cases also reported in neighboring countries like Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, and Uganda.

The current outbreak is driven by Clade I mpox, specifically Clade Ia and Ib. Clade Ib has a lower case-fatality rate compared to Clade Ia. This contrasts with Clade IIb, which was responsible for the global outbreak in 2022-2023, primarily affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.

Mpox in Ireland

To date, no cases of Clade Ia or Ib mpox have been detected in Ireland. Cases of Clade IIb mpox remain low, with 14 cases reported in 2024. In 2023, 13 cases were confirmed, and 227 cases were reported in 2022.

Travel Advice and Precautions

It’s crucial to be aware of mpox signs and symptoms, transmission methods, and necessary precautions when traveling to or from affected areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides updates on countries affected by mpox.

The ECDC has assessed the risk for travelers to affected areas. For those with close contact with affected communities (healthcare workers, household members, multiple sexual contacts), the risk is moderate. For those without close contact, the risk remains low.

Mpox spreads through close or intimate contact. Casual contact during travel is unlikely to cause infection. However, it’s important to avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms, including a rash (blisters or scabs).

Follow these steps to protect yourself:**

• Avoid close contact (including sexual contact) with sick individuals.
• Avoid contact with wild animals (alive or dead) and consume only thoroughly cooked animal products.
• Avoid contact with contaminated materials from infected individuals or wild animals.
• Regularly wash hands with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

If you experience any symptoms suggestive of mpox while abroad, seek medical attention immediately and isolate yourself from others. Upon return, self-isolate for 21 days and contact your doctor if you develop any symptoms.

Stay informed about mpox and take necessary precautions to protect yourself and others. For the most up-to-date information, consult the WHO and ECDC websites.