MS Prevalence Doubles in England, Survival Rates Improve: Study

Multiple Sclerosis Prevalence Doubles in England, Survival Rates Improve

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has more than doubled in recorded prevalence in England between 2000 and 2020, increasing by 6% per year, primarily due to improved diagnostic methods and increased life expectancy, according to new research from University College London (UCL) and Imperial College London researchers.

The study, published in JAMA Neurology, estimates that approximately 190,000 people are currently living with MS in England.

Improved Survival Rates and Contributing Factors

Researchers found a significant improvement in the survival rates of individuals with MS over the study period. This is attributed to advancements in treatments and care. Lead author Professor Olga Ciccarelli (NIHR Research Professor of Neurology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology) stated, “People with MS are living longer than ever before, thanks to better care, disease-modifying therapies, and earlier diagnosis, but there is still much more to do.”

The research also highlighted the positive impact of lifestyle choices. Quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight were both associated with lower mortality rates among individuals with MS. Professor Ciccarelli added, “Tackling smoking, obesity, and inequalities in access to diagnostics and care could reduce avoidable deaths and aid people with MS stay healthier for longer.”

Understanding Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a neurological condition where the immune system attacks the central nervous system. Symptoms commonly appear between the ages of 20 and 50, though initial signs can emerge years earlier. Early symptoms can include tingling, numbness, limb weakness, and vision problems, but diagnosis can be a lengthy process.

Methodology and Data Analysis

The researchers analyzed over 30 years of public health records, utilizing a large database of primary (GP) care records in England from 1990 to 2023, with some data linked to secondary (hospital) care records. Potential MS cases were identified through diagnostic records and prescriptions for MS-specific medications.

The standardized prevalence of MS increased from 107 per 100,000 people in 2000 to 232 per 100,000 in 2020. This represents an estimated 131,000 people living with MS in 2020. Adjusted analyses showed a 6% annual increase in prevalence, leading to the projection of approximately 190,000 individuals with MS in England today.

Regional Disparities and Inequalities

The study revealed that mortality rates were highest in deprived areas, while MS prevalence was highest in the least deprived areas. Researchers suggest this disparity may indicate undiagnosed MS cases in deprived areas, coupled with reduced access to care, delayed treatment initiation, and a higher prevalence of co-existing health conditions.

Smoking and obesity were identified as contributing factors to poorer outcomes in MS, and their higher prevalence in deprived areas may exacerbate these inequalities.

Expert Commentary and Future Directions

First author, Professor Raffaele Palladino (Imperial College London and University of Naples Federico II), emphasized the need for continued progress, stating, “While much progress has been made in improving MS diagnosis and access to treatments that extend lifespans and improve quality of life, there is still more work to be done. Efforts to improve earlier diagnosis should be particularly focused on reaching socioeconomically disadvantaged groups who might face greater barriers to diagnosis and care.”

Dr. Catherine Godbold, Senior Research Communications Manager at the MS Society, commented, “Exploring the role of deprivation in MS outcomes is important research. It’s encouraging to see evidence showing improvements in life expectancy for people with MS. But we need to see more consistent access to diagnosis, treatment, and support for people to manage their symptoms so that everyone with MS, whatever their circumstances or where they live, can live well.” She also highlighted the importance of targeted support for smoking cessation and weight management to reduce inequalities in MS outcomes.