PFAS Exposure Linked to Lung Cancer Mortality

A new study suggests a link between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly known as “forever chemicals,” and an increased risk of death from lung cancer, particularly among smokers. The research, published in Clinical Cancer Research, identifies a specific combination of PFAS and a plasticizer that may serve as a predictive model for lung cancer mortality.

What are PFAS?

PFAS are a large group of man-made chemicals used in various industries and consumer products since the 1940s. They are found in non-stick cookware, firefighting foam, stain-resistant fabrics, and food packaging, among other items. The National Cancer Institute notes that these chemicals are persistent in the environment and in the human body, leading to widespread exposure.

The Study Findings

Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center screened blood samples from 245 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer and 1,200 individuals without the disease but with a history of smoking. The study focused on 29 PFAS and plasticizer chemicals. The findings revealed that higher levels of three specific substances – perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHA), and mono-iso-nonyl-phthalate – were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer death, but not with the initial development of lung cancer.

A composite score, termed “PFAP” (PFOS + PFHA + mono-iso-nonyl-phthalate), proved to be a significant predictor of lung cancer-specific mortality. Individuals in the highest quantile of PFAP scores had an 86% increased risk of death from lung cancer compared to those in the lowest quantile.

PFAS and Cancer Risk: A Broader Perspective

The link between PFAS exposure and cancer is an area of growing concern. A meta-analysis published in J Environ Health Sci Eng suggests that PFAS exposure is a potential cancer risk factor, with the carcinogenic potential of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) being dose-dependent. Elevated levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have also been observed in patients with breast cancer. The National Cancer Institute reports that PFOA was upgraded to a human carcinogen in 2023 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and PFOS was classified as a possible human carcinogen.

Research also suggests a potential association between PFAS exposure and kidney cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between PFAS, specifically PFOA and PFOS, and the risk of kidney, liver, and testicular cancers.

Implications and Future Research

The study authors emphasize the potential for developing personalized, blood-based assessments to evaluate PFAS and plasticizer exposure and predict lung cancer mortality outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which these chemicals contribute to cancer progression and to identify strategies for reducing exposure and mitigating risk.

Key Takeaways

• Exposure to PFOS, PFHA, and mono-iso-nonyl-phthalate is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer mortality, particularly in smokers.
• A composite score (PFAP) combining these three substances can predict lung cancer-specific mortality.
• PFAS are widespread environmental contaminants with potential carcinogenic effects.
• Ongoing research is crucial to understand the full extent of PFAS-related health risks.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information and should not be considered medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.