RSV Vaccine Added to National Immunisation Program: What You Need to Know

The Australian government has announced the inclusion of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine in the National Immunisation Program (NIP), marking a significant step in protecting vulnerable populations from a leading cause of respiratory illness. This move follows growing evidence of the vaccine’s effectiveness in preventing severe RSV infections, particularly in infants and older adults.

RSV is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild, cold-like symptoms but can lead to serious complications such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, especially in young children, premature infants, and individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic heart or lung conditions. Each year, RSV results in thousands of hospitalisations across Australia, placing a considerable burden on the healthcare system during peak seasons.

Why the RSV Vaccine Matters

Until recently, there was no widely available vaccine to prevent RSV infection. The introduction of monoclonal antibody treatments like palivizumab offered limited protection for high-risk infants but required monthly injections during RSV season and was cost-prohibitive for broader use. The recent generation of RSV vaccines, including those based on mRNA and protein subunit platforms, has demonstrated strong efficacy in clinical trials.

Real-world data from countries that have implemented RSV immunisation programs show significant reductions in RSV-related hospitalisations among infants and older adults. For example, a recent study published in The Lancet found that maternal RSV vaccination reduced the risk of severe RSV disease in infants by up to 82% during the first 90 days of life.

Who Will Receive the Vaccine Under the NIP?

The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) has recommended a targeted rollout focusing on two key groups:

• Pregnant women: A single dose of the RSV vaccine is recommended between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation to provide passive immunity to newborns through placental antibody transfer.
• Older adults aged 60 and over: Particularly those with underlying health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, or diabetes, who are at increased risk of severe RSV outcomes.

Infants born to vaccinated mothers will benefit from protection during their most vulnerable early months. In cases where maternal vaccination is not feasible, ATAGI also supports the use of long-acting monoclonal antibodies (such as nirsevimab) for all infants entering their first RSV season.

Safety and Efficacy

The RSV vaccines approved for use in Australia — including GSK’s Arexvy and Pfizer’s Abrysvo — have undergone rigorous evaluation by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Clinical trials involving tens of thousands of participants showed that these vaccines are safe, with side effects generally mild and short-lived, such as pain at the injection site, fatigue, or headache.

Importantly, no safety concerns were identified regarding preterm birth or adverse fetal outcomes in pregnant vaccine recipients. Ongoing surveillance through AusVaxSafety and other monitoring systems will continue to assess real-world safety, and effectiveness.

Implementation and Access

The RSV vaccine will be available free of charge through the NIP starting in early 2025. Eligible individuals can receive the vaccine at general practices, community health clinics, antenatal clinics, and participating pharmacies. Healthcare providers will be guided by updated ATAGI recommendations and national immunisation handbook guidelines.

Public health campaigns are expected to accompany the rollout to increase awareness among pregnant individuals, caregivers of young children, and older adults about the benefits of RSV prevention.

Looking Ahead

The addition of the RSV vaccine to the NIP reflects Australia’s commitment to preventive healthcare and reducing the impact of infectious diseases. By targeting those most at risk, the program aims to lower hospitalisation rates, protect newborns during their first critical months, and ease seasonal pressures on hospitals and pediatric wards.

As with all immunisation efforts, success will depend on high uptake and timely administration. Healthcare professionals play a vital role in educating patients and recommending the vaccine during routine prenatal and primary care visits.

For the most current information on eligibility, timing, and availability, individuals are encouraged to consult their healthcare provider or visit the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care website.

Key Takeaways

• The RSV vaccine has been added to Australia’s National Immunisation Program to protect high-risk groups.
• Pregnant women (28–36 weeks) and adults aged 60+ with chronic conditions are prioritised for vaccination.
• Vaccination during pregnancy helps protect newborns from severe RSV in early life.
• The vaccine is safe, effective, and will be available free of charge through GPs, clinics, and pharmacies.
• This initiative aims to reduce RSV-related hospitalisations and ease strain on the healthcare system.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is RSV, and why is it dangerous?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus that infects the lungs and breathing passages. While it often causes mild symptoms in healthy adults, it can lead to severe respiratory illness in infants, older adults, and those with chronic health conditions, sometimes requiring hospitalisation.

Can I get the RSV vaccine if I’m not pregnant or over 60?

Currently, the NIP-funded RSV vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and adults aged 60+ with risk factors. Others may access the vaccine privately via prescription, but it is not yet funded for general use.

Is the RSV vaccine safe during pregnancy?

Yes. Clinical trials and real-world data have shown no increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, preterm birth, or fetal complications associated with RSV vaccination during the recommended window (28–36 weeks gestation).

Do I need an RSV vaccine every year?

At this time, a single dose is recommended for pregnant women per pregnancy and for older adults. Booster recommendations may evolve as more data becomes available on long-term immunity.

Where can I get the RSV vaccine?

Starting in early 2025, eligible individuals can receive the RSV vaccine at no cost through general practitioners, antenatal clinics, community health services, and participating pharmacies under the National Immunisation Program.