Sirni Zagovezni: Bulgaria’s Forgiveness Sunday and the Start of Lent

Sirni Zagovezni, likewise known as Proshka or Proshtalni zagovezni, is a significant traditional holiday in Bulgaria marking the last day before the commencement of the Easter fast. Celebrated on the Sunday seven weeks before Easter, the holiday fell on February 22nd in 2026. It signifies a time for spiritual purification, forgiveness, and joyful celebration before the period of Lent begins.

The Tradition of Forgiveness

At the heart of Sirni Zagovezni lies the custom of seeking and granting forgiveness. Younger generations visit their elders – parents, siblings, and friends – to ask for pardon. This is traditionally done with three bows and a kiss to the hand, accompanied by the words “Forgive me!” The response is “May you be forgiven,” symbolizing a reconciliation of relationships and a cleansing of the spirit before the fasting period. Slight gifts are often exchanged, along with wishes for a “light fasting” and a “sweet zagovezni.”

Rituals of Purification and New Beginnings

Beyond forgiveness, rituals involving fire are central to Sirni Zagovezni, representing purification and the promise of a fresh start. In many Bulgarian settlements, large bonfires are lit, and people jump over them for good health. Young people also carry torches, believed to ward off evil spirits and ensure fertility. These fires are known by various local names, including “oratnik,” “pelelia,” or “oilalia.”

The Festive Table and “Hamka” Custom

The celebratory meal on Sirni Zagovezni includes dairy products, eggs, and, importantly, white halva. A beloved tradition is “hamka” (also known as “lamkane”), where children attempt to bite a piece of halva or an egg tied to a string without using their hands. This playful ritual is a wish for health, fertility, and overall well-being throughout the coming year.

The Spiritual Significance of Lent

Father Irinei Mitov, a Bulgarian clergyman, emphasizes that forgiveness is not merely an emotional response but a conscious decision. “Forgiveness is not an emotion, it is a decision not to feed evil within ourselves,” he stated. He views Sirni Zagovezni as the “last bell” before Lent, a crucial moment to release grudges and seek reconciliation.

Father Irenaeus further explains that the seven weeks of Lent are not simply about dietary restrictions but a time for spiritual realignment. This involves limiting not only food intake but also harmful words, anger, and pride. “In a world of overconsumption, this is a chance for internal order and measure,” he adds.