South Africa Condemns Escalation of Conflict in the Middle East
Pretoria has expressed deep concern over the escalating crisis in the Gulf, stemming from the leverage of force by the United States and Israel against Iran, subsequent retaliatory strikes by Iran, and ongoing Israeli military operations in Lebanon. These developments pose a significant risk of widening the conflict with grave implications for regional and international peace and security.
Condemnation of Actions Violating International Law
South Africa previously condemned what it termed unlawful attacks on Iran by Israel and the United States, asserting these actions violate Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, which prohibits the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state [Briefly]. These principles are considered fundamental to the international rules-based order and must be upheld by all Member States.
The nation is too alarmed by Israel’s continued military operations in Lebanon, which have resulted in civilian casualties, destruction of infrastructure, and displacement of communities. These attacks are viewed as a serious breach of Lebanon’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, further destabilizing the region.
Response to Iranian Actions
South Africa also condemned the responses by Iran against several Gulf countries. Even as acknowledging Iran’s right to defend itself against armed attacks, the actions against the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states are not in line with what is permitted under Article 51 of the UN Charter and violate the sovereignty of the affected states. These attacks heighten the risk of a broader regional conflict.
Upholding the UN Charter
South Africa reaffirmed that the UN Charter strictly limits the use of force to situations of legitimate self-defence following an armed attack, as provided for in Article 51. International law does not recognize pre-emptive or anticipatory self-defence. Any military action outside these parameters is unlawful and undermines global peace and security.
Call for Restraint and Diplomacy
South Africa urges all parties to exercise maximum restraint and ensure that any actions taken are fully consistent with international law. The nation echoes the warning from the United Nations Secretary-General that the region is at a dangerous tipping point, with further escalation potentially leading to devastating consequences for civilians and international peace.
Recent engagements, including discussions related to Iran’s nuclear program, offered a pathway toward reducing tensions and rebuilding confidence. Escalatory actions jeopardize these efforts and diminish the prospects for a peaceful resolution.
No Military Solution
South Africa remains steadfast in its belief that there is no military solution to this crisis. It calls on all stakeholders to prioritize de-escalation, avoid further confrontation, and return to negotiations through established multilateral mechanisms under the auspices of the United Nations.
Commitment to Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
South Africa echoes the call of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights for all states to uphold international human rights and humanitarian law, and to act in a manner consistent with the principles of shared humanity.
The nation stands ready to support the United Nations and regional partners in efforts to restore calm and advance a just, lasting, and peaceful resolution.
Enquiries: Ministry Spokesperson Chrispin Phiri
ISSUED BY: The Department of International Relations and Cooperation
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