Texas: An Overview of the Lone Star State

Texas, widely known as the “Lone Star State,” stands as a significant political and economic force within the United States. As of 2025, the state is home to an estimated population of over 31.7 million residents, solidifying its position as the second most populous state in the country. Covering 268,597 square miles, it also ranks second in total land area, trailing only Alaska.

Geography and Boundaries

Located in the south-central region of the United States, Texas features a diverse landscape that stretches from the Gulf of Mexico in the southeast to the high plains and mountainous regions in the west. The state shares extensive borders with four other U.S. States:

• North: Oklahoma
• Northeast: Arkansas
• East: Louisiana
• West: New Mexico

To the southwest, Texas shares an international border with Mexico. The state’s elevation varies dramatically, ranging from sea level at the Gulf of Mexico to 8,751 feet at Guadalupe Peak, the highest point in the state.

Government and Political Leadership

The government of Texas operates under a structure defined by its state constitution, with Austin serving as the capital city. The executive branch is led by Governor Greg Abbott, supported by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick. The state legislature consists of an upper house, the Senate, and a lower house, the House of Representatives.

Texas maintains a significant presence in federal politics. Its U.S. Congressional delegation includes 24 Republicans and 13 Democrats, with one seat currently vacant. The state is represented in the U.S. Senate by John Cornyn and Ted Cruz.

Key Economic and Social Metrics

The state’s economy is expansive, supported by various sectors including energy, technology, and agriculture. Based on 2023 data, the median household income in Texas was $75,800. The state’s demographic landscape is linguistically diverse; while there is no official language, English is spoken by 64.9% of the population, followed by Spanish at 28.8%, with other languages accounting for the remaining 6.3%.

Resources for Residents

For those navigating state services, the official portal, Texas.gov, serves as the primary hub. The platform provides access to a range of government services, including:

• Driver license renewals and learner license upgrades.
• Vehicle registration services through the state’s digital assistant, TxT.
• Information regarding public health services and resources.
• Economic development programs and business-related tax assistance.

Key Takeaways

• Population Rank: Texas is the second most populous state in the U.S., with over 31.7 million residents as of 2025.
• Geographic Diversity: The state spans from the Gulf of Mexico to the high-elevation peaks of West Texas.
• Political Structure: The state is governed by a Republican-led executive branch and maintains a large, split-party delegation in the U.S. House of Representatives.
• Digital Accessibility: Residents can utilize Texas.gov and the TxT digital assistant to manage essential government tasks efficiently.

Whether you are a long-time resident or a new arrival, Texas offers a wealth of resources and a unique cultural landscape. From the historical landmarks and state parks to the robust business environment, the Lone Star State continues to play a vital role in the national identity.