Forest Expansion and Economic Decline in Bresciano: A Regional Dilemma

The Brescian region in northern Italy has seen a historic shift as forested areas now exceed agricultural land, according to the “Foreste in Comune” report by PEFC Italia, Uncem, and Legambiente. This trend, however, highlights a stark economic divide, with mountainous communities facing lower incomes compared to plains regions, according to Giorgio Vacchiano, a forestry researcher at Unimont.

Why is Forest Growth Outpacing Agriculture in Brescia?

Brescia’s forested area spans 179,229 hectares, surpassing its agricultural land for the first time, per the “Foreste in Comune” study. This shift correlates with low population density and lower average incomes in forested zones. Vacchiano noted that the report’s satellite-based mapping offers the first nationally consistent view of forest coverage since 1936, replacing fragmented regional data.

What Economic Challenges Do Forested Communities Face?

Communes with over 50% forest cover, such as Valvestino (92.55% forestation), report average incomes of €22,234 annually, significantly lower than plains areas like Longhena, where incomes reach €25,749. The report links this disparity to the abandonment of traditional agriculture and the lack of infrastructure to convert forests into economic assets.

How Does Forest Expansion Affect Fire Risk?

Young, unmanaged forests increase fire risk, Vacchiano warned. These “passive” woodlands, expanding due to abandoned farmland, lack the biodiversity of open landscapes and act as fuel for wildfires. The study emphasizes the need for controlled vegetation management and firebreaks to mitigate risks.

What Role Can Sustainable Forestry Play in Revitalizing the Region?

Marco Bussone, president of Uncem, advocates for collaborative forest management across municipalities. He highlighted the potential of certified timber, biomass energy, and carbon credits to create economic value. “Forests must be seen as an economic chain, not just an environmental asset,” Bussone said, citing Lombardy’s push for a regional forest management plan.

What Are the Broader Implications for Italy’s Mountain Regions?

The Brescian case reflects a national trend: Italy’s forests cover 11 million hectares, with 20% under formal management. Experts argue that without economic incentives, rural depopulation and ecological risks will persist. Vacchiano stressed, “Closing the loop between forest value and local communities is critical to prevent further marginalization.”