Vision Loss Risk Linked to Popular Weight Loss Drugs Ozempic and Wegovy

Reports of eyesight problems related to GLP-1 drugs, including Ozempic and Wegovy, are increasing, prompting regulatory reviews in the UK and Europe. New research analyzing data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggests a potential link between these medications and a rare condition causing sudden vision loss.

What are GLP-1 Drugs?

GLP-1 drugs mimic the effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) hormone, which helps suppress appetite, aid digestion, and regulate blood sugar. They are widely prescribed for weight loss and diabetes management. GoodRx provides a comparison of various GLP-1 drugs.

The New Research Findings

A study analyzing FDA adverse event reports from 2017 to 2024 focused on cases of ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), a rare condition that can cause sudden and permanent vision loss due to reduced blood flow to the optic nerve. Researchers examined reports linked to different semaglutide formulations: Wegovy (for weight loss), Ozempic (for type 2 diabetes), and Rybelsus (for type 2 diabetes).

Wegovy and ION Risk

The analysis revealed that the odds of an ION complaint related to Wegovy were almost five times higher than with Ozempic. While Ozempic had a higher total number of reported cases, it has been prescribed for a longer period. The researchers found the strongest association between Wegovy and ION, even after adjusting for factors like age and sex.

Gender Differences

The study as well indicated that men taking any form of semaglutide were about three times more likely to report ION than women using GLP-1 drugs.

Study Limitations and Expert Opinions

Researchers emphasize that these findings are associations from an FDA database and do not represent risk estimates for the general population. However, they highlight a potential safety concern requiring further investigation. Experts agree that prospective evaluation is needed to guide prescribing and regulatory policy.

Potential Mechanisms

The study did not determine why a link between GLP-1 drugs and vision loss might exist. One hypothesis is that Wegovy, administered at higher doses, may lower blood pressure, potentially reducing blood supply to the eye.

Broader Implications and Ongoing Research

Scientists are continuing to investigate the broader biological effects of GLP-1 medications, including potential links to reduced cancer risk and increased risk of depression. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health reports on the rise of GLP-1 supplements and their potential risks.

Balancing Benefits and Risks

Researchers from the University of Southampton emphasize the need to balance the urgent demand for anti-obesity strategies with the equally important need to ensure treatment safety. Further research is warranted to better understand the effects of anti-obesity medications on the eye, given their increasing usage.

The research was published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.