WHO Urges Global Expansion of Newborn Screening for Birth Defects

The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on countries to expand newborn screening for birth defects, emphasizing that early detection and treatment can prevent lifelong disabilities and save millions of children’s lives. According to a new WHO report, Strengthening Capacity for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Management of Birth Defects, over 8 million babies are born with a birth defect annually, with 90% of affected children living in low- and middle-income countries where access to screening remains limited.

What Conditions Can Be Detected Through Newborn Screening?

Newborn screening can identify treatable conditions such as congenital hypothyroidism, sickle-cell disease, hearing impairment, and certain metabolic disorders. Early intervention for these conditions can drastically improve outcomes, yet many children are diagnosed too late or not at all. The WHO report highlights that 8% of child deaths under five are now attributed to birth defects, a figure that has risen sharply in regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Why Is Early Detection Critical?

“No child should miss the chance for a healthy future because a congenital condition was not detected early enough,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. The report underscores that timely screening can prevent disability and reduce mortality. For example, congenital hypothyroidism, if untreated, can lead to severe developmental delays, but early treatment with hormone therapy allows for normal development.

How Do Countries Vary in Their Screening Programs?

Global disparities in newborn screening are stark. Some nations screen for over 50 conditions, while others lack any system. The WHO report showcases successful models, including India’s program, which has screened 28 million children in three years, and the Philippines, where 29 conditions are now covered nationwide. In contrast, countries like Uganda focus on high-burden diseases such as sickle-cell disease, providing early treatment and long-term care.

What Steps Are Needed for Global Implementation?

The WHO recommends that countries start with priority conditions and expand screening as resources grow. The report also emphasizes integrating newborn screening into universal health coverage. Egypt’s “newborn care pathway” and Sri Lanka’s 80% congenital hypothyroidism screening rate illustrate how such programs can be scaled within existing health systems. However, the WHO warns that without investment, millions of children will continue to face preventable suffering.

“Together for health. Stand with science” is the theme of World Health Day 2026, aiming to highlight the role of science in addressing global health challenges. The WHO’s call to action aligns with this goal, urging governments to prioritize newborn screening as a cornerstone of child health. As the report concludes, “Every child deserves the chance to thrive—starting at birth.”